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            "source_city_name": "Roma",
            "source_country_name": "Italy"
          },
          {
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            "source_country_name": "Sweden"
          },
          {
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            "source_city_name": "Wien",
            "source_country_name": "Austria"
          },
          {
            "city_slug": "warsaw",
            "source_city_name": "Warszawa",
            "source_country_name": "Poland"
          },
          {
            "city_slug": "zurich",
            "source_city_name": "Zürich",
            "source_country_name": "Switzerland"
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        ],
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    "refresh_policy": "Pinned separately reviewed release; ordinary builds and weekly checks do not reacquire it or freshen retrieval dates.",
    "limitations": [
      "EPA monitor annual summaries and EEA modelled two-year city exposure are distinct methods and geographies.",
      "Do not pool or rank these records or describe them as reviewed harmonized FUA inputs.",
      "Source retrieval dates are not observation dates or a new quarterly index edition."
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      "geography_scope": "Urban Audit 2020 greater-city boundary (not a functional urban area)"
    },
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      "period_end": "2025-12-31",
      "geography_scope": "Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)"
    },
    {
      "city_slug": "berlin",
      "source_city_name": "Berlin",
      "source_country_name": "Germany",
      "source_id": "eea-city-viewer-2026",
      "evidence_type": "modelled-city-period-average",
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      "period_start": "2024-01-01",
      "period_end": "2025-12-31",
      "geography_scope": "Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)"
    },
    {
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      "epa_city_name": "Boston",
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      "source_id": "epa-airdata-annual",
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      "geography_scope": "Only monitoring sites carrying this exact city name and state in EPA AirData; this is not a city-wide spatial average or reviewed FUA boundary."
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      "source_country_name": "Belgium",
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      "geography_scope": "Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)"
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      "geography_scope": "Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)"
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      "source_country_name": "Germany",
      "source_id": "eea-city-viewer-2026",
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      "geography_scope": "Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)"
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      "source_country_name": "France",
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      "period_start": "2024-01-01",
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      "geography_scope": "Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)"
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      "source_id": "epa-airdata-annual",
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        "2025": 0
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      "geography_scope": "Only monitoring sites carrying this exact city name and state in EPA AirData; this is not a city-wide spatial average or reviewed FUA boundary.",
      "limitation": "No 2025 PM2.5 parameter 88101 rows exist for San Francisco city/county in the downloaded EPA snapshot. Actual 2024 evidence is retained without substituting another municipality."
    },
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      "epa_city_name": "Seattle",
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        "2025": 3
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      "geography_scope": "Only monitoring sites carrying this exact city name and state in EPA AirData; this is not a city-wide spatial average or reviewed FUA boundary."
    },
    {
      "city_slug": "stockholm",
      "source_city_name": "Stockholm",
      "source_country_name": "Sweden",
      "source_id": "eea-city-viewer-2026",
      "evidence_type": "modelled-city-period-average",
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      "geography_scope": "Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)"
    },
    {
      "city_slug": "vienna",
      "source_city_name": "Wien",
      "source_country_name": "Austria",
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      "geography_scope": "Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)"
    },
    {
      "city_slug": "warsaw",
      "source_city_name": "Warszawa",
      "source_country_name": "Poland",
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        "Num Obs Below MDL": "0",
        "Arithmetic Mean": "6.02274",
        "Arithmetic Standard Dev": "3.960256",
        "1st Max Value": "33.7",
        "1st Max DateTime": "2025-07-04 00:00",
        "2nd Max Value": "30.3",
        "2nd Max DateTime": "2025-07-05 00:00",
        "3rd Max Value": "20.9",
        "3rd Max DateTime": "2025-06-14 00:00",
        "4th Max Value": "18.9",
        "4th Max DateTime": "2025-08-06 00:00",
        "1st Max Non Overlapping Value": "",
        "1st NO Max DateTime": "",
        "2nd Max Non Overlapping Value": "",
        "2nd NO Max DateTime": "",
        "99th Percentile": "18.9",
        "98th Percentile": "16.8",
        "95th Percentile": "12.7",
        "90th Percentile": "10.8",
        "75th Percentile": "7.7",
        "50th Percentile": "5.4",
        "10th Percentile": "2.1",
        "Local Site Name": "Bald Eagle Recreational Center",
        "Address": "100 Joliet St, SW, Washington DC 20032",
        "State Name": "District Of Columbia",
        "County Name": "District of Columbia",
        "City Name": "Washington",
        "CBSA Name": "Washington-Arlington-Alexandria, DC-VA-MD-WV",
        "Date of Last Change": "2026-02-27"
      },
      "source_ref": "source-6f181976f12fc9d7",
      "source_url": "https://aqs.epa.gov/aqsweb/airdata/annual_conc_by_monitor_2025.zip",
      "publisher": "U.S. Environmental Protection Agency",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T19:04:06.653654+00:00",
      "ranking_eligible": false,
      "index_eligible": false
    },
    {
      "id": "eea:zurich:2024-2025",
      "source_id": "eea-city-viewer-2026",
      "evidence_type": "modelled-city-period-average",
      "city_slug": "zurich",
      "source_city_name": "Zürich",
      "source_country_name": "Switzerland",
      "source_geography_key": {
        "city_name": "Zürich",
        "country": "Switzerland"
      },
      "official_geography_id": null,
      "geography_type": "urban-audit-city",
      "geography_scope": "Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)",
      "metric": "two-year-modelled-population-weighted-pm25-context",
      "measurement_kind": "modelled population-weighted city exposure",
      "value": 8.800916672,
      "value_as_published": "8.800916672",
      "unit": "micrograms/m3",
      "period_start": "2024-01-01",
      "period_end": "2025-12-31",
      "period_label": "2024–2025 two-calendar-year average",
      "observation_years": [
        2024,
        2025
      ],
      "annual_single_year": false,
      "population_weighted": true,
      "spatial_resolution": "1 km × 1 km source air-quality maps",
      "monitor_station_count": null,
      "monitor_temporal_coverage": null,
      "source_population_as_published": "409,241",
      "source_population_note": "Population data from 2018 for city (Eurostat)",
      "methodology": "EEA/ETC-HE maps estimate population-weighted concentrations within Urban Audit 2020 cities. The latest maps can use validated or preliminary Up-To-Date inputs. This concentration averages the two calendar years in the publisher metadata.",
      "quality_flags": [
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        "two-year-period-not-annual",
        "map-inputs-may-include-preliminary-utd-data",
        "urban-audit-city-not-reviewed-fua",
        "population-context-vintages-vary-do-not-call-current"
      ],
      "limitations": [
        "UK and Türkiye are not in this export; London, Edinburgh and Istanbul are not substituted.",
        "City/greater-city scopes differ from GHSL morphological cores and commuting FUAs.",
        "The exported concentration is a 2024–2025 average, not a single-year 2025 observation.",
        "Modelled exposure and direct ground-monitor annual means remain different measurement classes.",
        "The population field is ancillary publisher context with varying source years; it is not the 2025 population denominator for a new calculation.",
        "No complete reviewed FUA crosswalk or current engine admission has been performed."
      ],
      "source": {
        "publisher": "European Environment Agency",
        "dataset": "European city air quality ranking 2026",
        "url": "https://tableau-public.discomap.eea.europa.eu/views/City_AQ_Viewer_2026_JRC/EuropeanCityRanking.csv?:showVizHome=no",
        "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/eea-city-viewer-2026-e28c9d73c710.csv",
        "sha256": "e28c9d73c710cb86991219cc4f4e2a8f4b1a11ed7fb4f974ee7dda7455dd264c",
        "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T19:13:15.535802+00:00",
        "page_url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/topics/in-depth/air-pollution/european-city-air-quality-viewer",
        "metadata_url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/topics/in-depth/air-pollution/european-city-air-quality-viewer/city_aq_viewer_2025",
        "metadata_modified_date": "2026-08-25",
        "csv_record_number_excluding_header": 759,
        "csv_line_end": 760,
        "license": "CC BY 4.0",
        "license_url": "https://www.eea.europa.eu/en/legal-notice",
        "source_ref": "source-1f3da4893c252a82",
        "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/eea-city-viewer-2026-e28c9d73c710.csv"
      },
      "index_admission": {
        "admitted": false,
        "reason": "Two-year Urban Audit city modelled exposure is not annual reviewed harmonized FUA evidence."
      },
      "raw_source_record": {
        "City name": "Zürich",
        "Country": "Switzerland",
        "Fine particulate matter (ug/m3)": "8.800916672",
        "noDataExplainer": "",
        "noDataExplainerStar": "",
        "Note On Population Data": "Population data from 2018 for city (Eurostat)",
        "Population in the city": "409,241"
      },
      "source_ref": "source-1f3da4893c252a82",
      "source_url": "https://tableau-public.discomap.eea.europa.eu/views/City_AQ_Viewer_2026_JRC/EuropeanCityRanking.csv?:showVizHome=no",
      "publisher": "European Environment Agency",
      "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T19:13:15.535802+00:00",
      "ranking_eligible": false,
      "index_eligible": false
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  ],
  "count": 55,
  "covered_city_count": 25,
  "record_counts_by_evidence_type": {
    "modelled-city-period-average": 18,
    "monitor-annual-summary": 37
  },
  "ranking_eligible": false,
  "index_eligible": false,
  "no_rankings": true,
  "scope_notice": "Separate contextual evidence classes: EPA annual monitor/site summaries and EEA two-year modelled city/greater-city exposure. Monitor rows are not city averages, independent urban areas or population-weighted FUA exposure. EEA values are 2024–2025 modelled city-boundary averages, not annual monitor statistics. Do not pool, average, rank or convert these classes into index inputs. Missing destinations are not assigned a substitute value.",
  "links": {
    "raw_context": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/air-quality-context.json",
    "cities": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/cities.json",
    "geography_candidates": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/geography-candidates.json",
    "index_protocols": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/index-protocols.json",
    "index_observations": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/index-observations.json",
    "scoring_geographies": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/scoring-geographies.json",
    "heat_exposure": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/heat-exposure.json",
    "rental_vacancy": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/rental-vacancy.json",
    "housing_supply": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/housing-supply.json",
    "life_expectancy": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/life-expectancy.json",
    "road_deaths": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/road-deaths.json"
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}