{ "schema_version": "1.0.0", "api_version": "v1", "snapshot_id": "bctl-7eb7c1c7524bb525d233", "edition": { "name": "Civometra Index", "label": "2026 Q4", "status": "research", "methodology_version": "1.0.0", "official_city_results_released": false }, "as_of": "2026-10-27", "as_of_meaning": "Last complete source check recorded in the research snapshot; not a common observation period or a new editorial review. A separately validated source may have a later retrieved_at date; inspect each observation.", "dates": { "source_checked_at": "2026-10-27", "last_complete_source_check_at": "2026-10-27", "latest_observation_retrieved_at": "2026-10-27", "observations_changed_at": "2026-10-21", "editorial_review_earliest": "2026-10-11", "editorial_review_latest": "2026-10-27", "urban_context_retrieved_at": "2026-10-26", "index_evidence_evaluated_at": "2026-10-27", "air_quality_retrieved_at": "2026-10-26", "geography_candidates_evaluated_at": "2026-10-26", "protocols_prepared_at": "2026-10-26", "scoring_geographies_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "pm25_evidence_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "heat_evidence_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "rental_vacancy_evidence_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "housing_supply_evidence_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "life_expectancy_evidence_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "road_deaths_evidence_reviewed_at": "2026-10-27" }, "publisher": { "name": "BestCityToLive Intelligence", "initiative": "AINT.app", "url": "https://aint.app" }, "notice": "Civometra is a research edition, with no official quarterly city results. Current engine-accepted index inputs are explicitly separated from editorial guides, contextual observations and inherited legacy scores. An accepted indicator does not establish an eligible city score or ranking. National context never measures a city.", "rights": "No new licence is granted by this API. BestCityToLive editorial material retains its existing rights. Third-party observations and sources retain their own licences and attribution requirements; consult each primary publisher before reuse. Source catalog links do not imply permission to reproduce full source content.", "kind": "city-observatory", "id": "observatory:montreal", "self": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/observatory/montreal.json", "canonical_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/observatory", "slug": "montreal", "name": "Montreal", "country": { "id": "country:CAN", "name": "Canada", "iso_2": "CA", "iso_3": "CAN", "continent": "North America" }, "canonical_city_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/city/montreal", "editorial_reviewed_at": "2026-10-13", "editorial_source_count": 3, "context_coverage": { "agency_records": 11, "agency_measurements": 6, "derived_agency_changes": 5, "national_records": 4, "urban_source_fields": 2, "urban_derived_measures": 1, "air_context_records": 0, "air_monitor_records": 0, "modelled_air_context_records": 0, "notice": "Destination counts are not counts of independent physical urban areas. Population is projected; area is a source field; density is derived. 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The footprint may include multiple named places; inspect the constituent names and use its own boundary definition.", "scope": "morphological-urban-centre", "evidence_kind": "projected-urban-centre-context", "index_eligible": false, "projection": true, "source_ref": "source-1b70a5d9dd81952b", "source_url": "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd", "publisher": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26", "notice": "Morphological urban centres are not municipalities or commuting functional urban areas. These contextual records are excluded from Civometra scoring. 2025 population is a short-range projection, based on GHS-POP R2023A. It is not a current census count. Density is a derived projection divided by footprint area.", "source_archive_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/ghsl-ucdb-general-v1_2-bc879d823205.zip", "source_archive_sha256": "bc879d82320504f89df2041b7936221c8239cd808abe93980493aed062b4f3d6" }, "index_evidence": { "methodology_version": "1.0.0", "evaluated_at": "2026-10-27", "status": "research", "official_results_released": false, "eligible": false, "weighted_coverage": 0.13333333333333333, "accepted_metrics": 4, "total_metrics": 30, "pillar_coverage": { "means": 0.16666666666666666, "infrastructure": 0, "trust": 0, "environment": 0.3333333333333333, "opportunity": 0.16666666666666666 }, "metrics": [ { "id": "rent-burden", "pillar": "means", "label": "Median rent / disposable household income", "unit": "%", "higher_better": false, "anchors": [ 10, 60 ], "max_age_days": 730, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "residual-income", "pillar": "means", "label": "Income remaining after housing and essentials", "unit": "PPP international $ / person / year", "higher_better": true, "anchors": [ 0, 40000 ], "max_age_days": 1095, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "essentials-burden", "pillar": "means", "label": "Essentials / disposable household income", "unit": "%", "higher_better": false, "anchors": [ 10, 60 ], "max_age_days": 730, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "rental-vacancy", "pillar": "means", "label": "Purpose-built rental vacancy", "unit": "%", "higher_better": true, "anchors": [ 0, 5 ], "max_age_days": 730, "status": "accepted", "reason": "A reviewed observation passes the configured admission checks.", "observation": { "city_slug": "montreal", "metric": "rental-vacancy", "value": 2.9, "unit": "%", "period_start": "2025-10-01", "period_end": "2025-10-31", "source_url": "https://assets.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/sites/cmhc/professional/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data-tables/rental-market/rental-market-report-data-tables/2025/rmr-montreal-2025-en.xlsx?rev=1dcc0f0e-5c82-4c31-b8ea-51911650d27b", "geography_type": "harmonized-urban-area", "geography_ref": "statcan-cma2021-v1-0:montreal", "protocol_ref": "civometra.rental-vacancy.measurement@1.0.0", "source_frame_ref": "cmhc-rms-2025-montreal", "source_frame_url": "/data/source-frames/cmhc-rms-2025-montreal-ebd37ffbcea9.xlsx", "source_frame_sha256": "ebd37ffbcea94c2432683224f3f1cab0a36456d3fe7fd8501c6f5882b2998d8d", "source_record_ref": "Table 3.1.1 X55 (Oct-25, Total), Y55 (quality); Table 3.1.3 K55 (Oct-25, Total universe); Montréal CMA; 2021 census geographic definitions.", "universe": "Completed, privately initiated purpose-built long-term rental apartment and row/townhouse units in structures/projects with at least three rental units, on the market for at least three months; all bedroom types combined. Social/affordable housing, owner-occupied units and condominium/secondary rental stock are excluded. Vacant units are physically unoccupied and immediately rentable at the survey.", "denominator": 668834, "publisher": "Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation", "source_label": "Official combined private apartment-and-row rental vacancy", "geography": "2021 official census metropolitan area: Montréal (CMAUID 462)", "definition_version": "1.0.0", "analytical_area_id": "statcan-cma2021:462", "boundary_label": "2021 official census metropolitan area: Montréal (CMAUID 462)", "boundary_reference_year": 2021, "calculation_method": "Use the official published weighted combined apartment-and-row vacancy ratio at its original 0.1 percentage-point precision, paired with the publisher-reported qualifying rental-universe unit count. This is the original published estimate, not a recalculation from microdata. The exact weighted vacant-unit numerator is not published and remains null; never infer an observed vacant count by multiplying the rounded rate by the universe.", "uncertainty": { "status": "quality-category-reported-numeric-uncertainty-not-published", "note": "CMHC reports quality a (Excellent); exact standard error, CV, sample fraction and confidence interval are not published for this total. The average-rent CV thresholds do not apply to vacancy proportions.", "standard_error": null, "confidence_interval": null, "coefficient_of_variation": null }, "scope_notice": "Official October 2025 weighted vacancy estimate for private apartment and row rental units combined in the exact 2021 official census metropolitan area: Montréal (CMAUID 462). One-decimal published precision; not apartment-only, all-rental-stock, availability or a 2026 market reading. The exact survey day and vacant-unit numerator are unknown. This source-specific CMA2021 binding is separate from the PM2015 area; no CMHC/Statistics Canada endorsement.", "source_attribution": [ { "publisher": "Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation", "title": "Rental Market Survey Data Tables, October 2025; combined private apartment and row units", "url": "https://assets.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/sites/cmhc/professional/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data-tables/rental-market/rental-market-report-data-tables/2025/rmr-montreal-2025-en.xlsx?rev=1dcc0f0e-5c82-4c31-b8ea-51911650d27b", "licence": "CMHC Licence Agreement for the Use of Data" }, { "publisher": "Statistics Canada", "title": "2021 Census Digital Boundary Files; original CMA2021 identities and polygons", "url": "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6", "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence" } ], "temporal_basis": { "precision": "month", "source_period": "2025-10", "source_reference_window": "First two weeks of October; results reflect market conditions at that time. An exact single reference day is not reported.", "exact_reference_date": null, "calendar_period_start": "2025-10-01", "calendar_period_end": "2025-10-31", "age_reference_date": "2025-10-01", "age_reference_meaning": "Conservative first possible day of the reported survey month for the unchanged 730-day index age limit; this is an age anchor, not an observed survey date." }, "derivation": { "kind": "published-survey-rate", "published_rate": 2.9, "published_precision_percentage_points": 0.1, "reported_universe_units": 668834, "vacant_unit_estimate": null, "numerator_status": "Exact weighted vacant-unit numerator is not published; null, not inferred from a rounded rate.", "calculation": "Use the official published weighted combined apartment-and-row vacancy ratio at its original 0.1 percentage-point precision, paired with the publisher-reported qualifying rental-universe unit count. This is the original published estimate, not a recalculation from microdata. The exact weighted vacant-unit numerator is not published and remains null; never infer an observed vacant count by multiplying the rounded rate by the universe." }, "quality_flags": [ { "code": "a", "label": "Excellent", "meaning": "Publisher reliability category for this vacancy proportion; based on CV, sampling fraction and universe size, not an exact standard error or confidence interval." } ], "licence": { "name": "CMHC Licence Agreement for the Use of Data", "url": "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data", "acknowledgement": "Source: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), Rental Market Survey Data Tables, October 2025. This information is reproduced and distributed on an “as is” basis with the permission of CMHC.", "derived_notice": "Adapted from Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Rental Market Survey Data Tables, October 2025. This does not constitute an endorsement by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation of this product.", "downstream_conditions_url": "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data" }, "reviewed": true, "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "evidence_id": "rental-vacancy-2025-cma2021-montreal", "source_ref": "source-5b1de44ca8207bb2", "source_frame_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/cmhc-rms-2025-montreal-ebd37ffbcea9.xlsx", "attribution_source_refs": [ "source-5b1de44ca8207bb2", "source-e2f3edd0cd9c4fe3" ] }, "observation_identity": { "evidence_id": "rental-vacancy-2025-cma2021-montreal", "observation_sha256": "311abe45bc3fbd05bcaca31dabfda1d4c9963972f4481a379e49aa7f035137fb", "evidence_review_sha256": "466351b858d9ccf24414484a25e8f20fb4e0e0f155290c5fe82ce66247d0d28c", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "protocol_ref": "civometra.rental-vacancy.measurement@1.0.0", "protocol_sha256": "09c03b5e31b033cee3906e246b5f7d901152dd1468f429343b3b41915e96fb83", "protocol_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "geography_ref": "statcan-cma2021-v1-0:montreal", "geography_sha256": "5a53cce77e8899f6e83a9406c1749c9746d103aa65acc60bbced905916f5eb10", "geography_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "source_frame_ref": "cmhc-rms-2025-montreal", "source_frame_registry_sha256": "40efe6ee96a28614f1a1b07e69be0a7f508c4b0a1be4ab13f3dac90f1f6f1424", "source_frame": { "id": "cmhc-rms-2025-montreal", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/cmhc-rms-2025-montreal-ebd37ffbcea9.xlsx", "sha256": "ebd37ffbcea94c2432683224f3f1cab0a36456d3fe7fd8501c6f5882b2998d8d", "source_urls": [ "https://assets.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/sites/cmhc/professional/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data-tables/rental-market/rental-market-report-data-tables/2025/rmr-montreal-2025-en.xlsx?rev=1dcc0f0e-5c82-4c31-b8ea-51911650d27b", "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/market-reports/rental-market-reports-major-centres", "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-research/surveys/methods/methodology-rental-market-survey" ], "licence": "CMHC Licence Agreement for the Use of Data", "licence_url": "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T21:27:14.801745+00:00", "attribution": "Source: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), Rental Market Survey Data Tables, October 2025. This information is reproduced and distributed on an “as is” basis with the permission of CMHC.", "derived_notice": "Adapted from Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Rental Market Survey Data Tables, October 2025. This does not constitute an endorsement by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation of this product.", "downstream_conditions_url": "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data" }, "geography_source_frames": [ { "id": "statcan-cma2021-462-native", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-native-5a0393ee69c1.json", "sha256": "5a0393ee69c18ad2db94b833830ec1cdeb58fe45f9a499b8bd401b719dac1222", "source_urls": [ "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6/query?where=CMAUID%3D%27462%27&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=true&f=json", "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6" ], "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence", "licence_url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T21:30:41.285876+00:00", "attribution": "Statistics Canada, 2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, reference date 1 January 2021; original native EPSG:3347 polygon. No endorsement." }, { "id": "statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84-82c0dffde26a.json", "sha256": "82c0dffde26a5d30cf96899b47f22d824cba943b2ccd36e2719f245cf1fcc1f2", "source_urls": [ "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6/query?where=CMAUID%3D%27462%27&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=true&f=json&outSR=4326", "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6" ], "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence", "licence_url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T21:52:10.932439+00:00", "attribution": "Statistics Canada, 2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, original agency outSR=4326 polygon; no local simplification or repair. No endorsement." } ] }, "scoring_boundary": { "id": "statcan-cma2021-v1-0:montreal", "city_slug": "montreal", "status": "reviewed", "scope": "functional-urban-area", "boundary_kind": "official-census-metropolitan-area", "authority": "Statistics Canada", "source_geography_id": "462", "source_name": "Montréal", "source_cmap_uid": "24462", "source_dguid": "2021S050524462", "source_dguid_as_published": "2021S050524462", "source_dguid_scope": "Provincial CMA part; complete official layer proves exactly one part for this CMAUID.", "boundary_vintage": "2021-01-01", "geography_edition": "2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, second edition", "version": "statcan-cma2021-v1.0.0", "source_frame_ref": "statcan-cma2021-462-native", "coordinate_source_frame_ref": "statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84", "crosswalk_method": "Exact source CMA name and 2021-definition note in the original CMHC tables, original CMAUID/CMAPUID/DGUID, complete 156-part layer and independent strict destination-point intersection with original agency WGS84 geometry.", "crosswalk": { "city_slug": "montreal", "source_cma_uid": "462", "source_cmap_uid": "24462", "source_dguid": "2021S050524462", "reference_point": { "latitude": 45.5017, "longitude": -73.5673, "role": "Inherited destination reference point used only for spatial matching; not a scored boundary." }, "complete_layer_proof": { "whole_layer_records": 156, "independent_objectid_records": 156, "attribute_objectids_equal_complete_id_set": true, "selected_cma_part_count": 1, "attribute_frame_ref": "rental-statcan-cma2021-all-identities", "attribute_archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-all-identities-0ee709dfc333.json", "attribute_archive_sha256": "0ee709dfc333a80ca2048a93ff6582730b7f262a8c4f68162ba7422eabb01bc3", "complete_objectid_frame_ref": "rental-statcan-cma2021-layer-objectids", "complete_objectid_archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-layer-objectids-ddc46b5729ff.json", "complete_objectid_archive_sha256": "ddc46b5729ff9dca9fbb29208db8c3e4a57b511f107a9fb7100cf6909327be8b" } }, "functional_definition": "Census Metropolitan Area 2021, Digital Boundary Files (DBF).\nA census metropolitan area (CMA) or a census agglomeration (CA) is formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centred on a population centre (known as the core). A CMA must have a total population of at least 100,000, based on data from the current Census of Population Program, of which 50,000 or more must live in the core based on adjusted data from the previous Census of Population Program. A CA must have a core population of at least 10,000 also based on data from the previous Census of Population Program. To be included in the CMA or CA, other adjacent municipalities must have a high degree of integration with the core, as measured by commuting flows derived from data on place of work from the previous Census Program. If the population of the core of a CA falls below 10,000, the CA is retired from the next census. However, once an area becomes a CMA, it is retained as a CMA even if its total population declines below 100,000 or the population of its core falls below 50,000. All areas inside the CMA or CA that are not population centres are rural areas. When a CA has a core of at least 50,000, based on data from the previous Census of Population, it is subdivided into census tracts. Census tracts are maintained for the CA even if the population of the core subsequently falls below 50,000. All CMAs are subdivided into census tracts.", "analytical_area_id": "statcan-cma2021:462", "boundary_label": "2021 official census metropolitan area: Montréal (CMAUID 462)", "shared_with": [], "approved_protocol_refs": [ "civometra.rental-vacancy.measurement@1.0.0" ], "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "scoring_approved": true, "policy_decision_ref": "civometra-rental-vacancy-2025-initial-research-v1", "review_scope": "Direct publisher-reported CMA2021 rental aggregate, reviewed only for this rental protocol. Separate from PM2015; no OECD geometric equivalence, source-point proxy or CSD aggregation is claimed.", "geography_ref": "statcan-cma2021-v1-0:montreal", "geography_type_required": "harmonized-urban-area", "notice": "Scoped protocol permissions can repeat one unchanged physical boundary. Counts distinguish reviewed entries from unique destinations and analytical areas. Frozen 2015 estimated areas are not current observed commuting zones or 2025 urban centres.", "registry_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/scoring-geographies.json", "source_frames": [ { "id": "statcan-cma2021-462-native", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-native-5a0393ee69c1.json", "sha256": "5a0393ee69c18ad2db94b833830ec1cdeb58fe45f9a499b8bd401b719dac1222", "source_urls": [ "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6/query?where=CMAUID%3D%27462%27&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=true&f=json", "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6" ], "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence", "licence_url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "Statistics Canada, 2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, reference date 1 January 2021; original native EPSG:3347 polygon. No endorsement.", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T21:30:41.285876+00:00", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-native-5a0393ee69c1.json", "source_ref": "source-6584937305233b29" }, { "id": "statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84-82c0dffde26a.json", "sha256": "82c0dffde26a5d30cf96899b47f22d824cba943b2ccd36e2719f245cf1fcc1f2", "source_urls": [ "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6/query?where=CMAUID%3D%27462%27&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=true&f=json&outSR=4326", "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6" ], "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence", "licence_url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "Statistics Canada, 2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, original agency outSR=4326 polygon; no local simplification or repair. No endorsement.", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T21:52:10.932439+00:00", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84-82c0dffde26a.json", "source_ref": "source-a64767ed678eeff3" } ] } }, { "id": "price-income", "pillar": "means", "label": "Median home price / household income", "unit": "ratio", "higher_better": false, "anchors": [ 3, 15 ], "max_age_days": 730, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "energy-burden", "pillar": "means", "label": "Household energy / disposable income", "unit": "%", "higher_better": false, "anchors": [ 2, 15 ], "max_age_days": 730, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "transit-access", "pillar": "infrastructure", "label": "Residents within 500m of frequent public transit", "unit": "%", "higher_better": true, "anchors": [ 0, 100 ], "max_age_days": 1095, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "commute", "pillar": "infrastructure", "label": "Median one-way commute", "unit": "minutes", "higher_better": false, "anchors": [ 10, 60 ], "max_age_days": 1095, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "broadband", "pillar": "infrastructure", "label": "Median fixed download speed", "unit": "Mbps", "higher_better": true, "anchors": [ 10, 250 ], "max_age_days": 365, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "road-deaths", "pillar": "infrastructure", "label": "Traffic deaths per 100,000 residents", "unit": "per 100000", "higher_better": false, "anchors": [ 0, 20 ], "max_age_days": 730, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "daily-access", "pillar": "infrastructure", "label": "Residents within a 15-minute walk of everyday services", "unit": "%", "higher_better": true, "anchors": [ 0, 100 ], "max_age_days": 1095, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "service-reliability", "pillar": "infrastructure", "label": "Reliable water and electricity access", "unit": "%", "higher_better": true, "anchors": [ 80, 100 ], "max_age_days": 1095, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "homicide", "pillar": "trust", "label": "Intentional homicide rate", "unit": "per 100000", "higher_better": false, "anchors": [ 0, 20 ], "max_age_days": 730, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "unmet-healthcare", "pillar": "trust", "label": "Residents with unmet medical needs", "unit": "%", "higher_better": false, "anchors": [ 0, 20 ], "max_age_days": 1095, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "avoidable-mortality", "pillar": "trust", "label": "Age-standardized avoidable mortality", "unit": "per 100000", "higher_better": false, "anchors": [ 50, 400 ], "max_age_days": 1095, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "life-expectancy", "pillar": "trust", "label": "Urban-area life expectancy at birth", "unit": "years", "higher_better": true, "anchors": [ 65, 85 ], "max_age_days": 1095, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "school-access", "pillar": "trust", "label": "Children with access to a school place", "unit": "%", "higher_better": true, "anchors": [ 70, 100 ], "max_age_days": 1095, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "social-support", "pillar": "trust", "label": "Residents reporting someone to rely on", "unit": "%", "higher_better": true, "anchors": [ 40, 100 ], "max_age_days": 1095, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "pm25", "pillar": "environment", "label": "Population-weighted annual PM2.5", "unit": "micrograms/m3", "higher_better": false, "anchors": [ 5, 50 ], "max_age_days": 730, "status": "accepted", "reason": "A reviewed observation passes the configured admission checks.", "observation": { "city_slug": "montreal", "metric": "pm25", "value": 8.236004807242018, "unit": "micrograms/m3", "period_start": "2024-01-01", "period_end": "2024-12-31", "source_url": "https://www.satpm.org/v6-gl-03", "geography_type": "harmonized-urban-area", "geography_ref": "efua-2015-v1-0:montreal", "protocol_ref": "civometra.pm25.measurement@1.0.0", "source_frame_ref": "pm25-2024-efua-3485", "source_frame_url": "/data/source-frames/pm25-2024-efua-3485.npz", "source_frame_sha256": "0723d4a7a188777ff3399b26c6c37876297ebff0ac3ce597c5532355472d684a", "source_record_ref": "pm25-2024-efua-3485.npz; population_2020 and pm_fine arrays; source estimated area 3485", "universe": "Residents modelled in the GHS-POP R2023A 2020 count grid inside the frozen 2015 JRC/OECD estimated functional urban area; annual ambient outdoor concentration represented at residential grid cells, with source coverage explicitly reported.", "denominator": 4184064.7379515534, "publisher": "BestCityToLive Research Desk / AINT.app; derived from SatPM and European Commission/JRC", "source_label": "Population-weighted annual PM2.5: reviewed research input", "geography": "2015 estimated functional urban area: Montreal (3485)", "definition_version": "1.0.0", "analytical_area_id": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a:3485", "boundary_label": "2015 estimated functional urban area: Montreal (3485)", "boundary_reference_year": 2015, "population_reference_year": 2020, "concentration_year": 2024, "source_model": { "name": "SatPM CNNPM25", "version": "V6.GL.03", "source_url": "https://satpmdata.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/V6GL03/CNNPM25/Annual/GL/V6GL03.CNNPM25.GL.202401-202412.nc", "sha256": "9f1059f6a7d675a53f987e8b6ccc6981c3c29a867cc3a2324043a4eff2c19928" }, "calculation_method": "sum(known 2020 population_cell * valid nearest native 0.01-degree annual 2024 PM2.5 at that population-cell centre) / sum(covered known 2020 population_cell). The reviewed 2015 source boundaries align exactly with whole 1 km population cells; no fractional edge allocation is needed. Concentration is represented as constant within each population cell. Missing values are never zero; known zero is retained.", "coverage": { "population_grid_area_coverage": 1, "pm_population_coverage": 1, "cell_count": 5027, "population_grid_valid_cells": 5027, "population_grid_missing_cells": 0, "population_grid_zero_cells": 740, "total_known_modelled_population": 4184064.7379515534, "pm_covered_population": 4184064.7379515534, "weighted_concentration_sum": 34459977.29558081, "population_in_zero_pm_cells": 0 }, "sensitivity": { "bilinear_estimate": 8.231804578582484, "bilinear_population_coverage": 1, "coarse_estimate": 8.085414587564337, "coarse_population_coverage": 1, "notice": "Method-sampling diagnostics with their own coverage; not statistical uncertainty or confidence intervals. Neither fills missing primary values." }, "uncertainty": { "status": "not-reported-for-this-derived-area", "note": "No city-specific statistical interval supplied by this global product; sampling sensitivity is not a confidence interval." }, "scope_notice": "Annual 2024 modelled ambient PM2.5 weighted by 2020 modelled population in the fixed 2015 estimated area Montreal (source ID 3485). Historical modelled geography; source country labels and area identities are retained.", "source_attribution": [ { "publisher": "Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group / Washington University in St. Louis / SatPM", "title": "Shen, S., Li, C., van Donkelaar, A., Jacobs, N., Wang, C., and Martin, R. V. (2024). Enhancing Global Estimation of Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations by Including Geophysical a Priori Information in Deep Learning. ACS ES&T Air. doi:10.1021/acsestair.3c00054. SatPM V6.GL.03, annual 2024; accessed 26 October 2026.", "url": "https://www.satpm.org/v6-gl-03", "licence": "CC BY 4.0" }, { "publisher": "European Commission Joint Research Centre", "title": "GHS-POP R2023A V1-0, 2020 modelled residential-population counts", "url": "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe", "licence": "CC BY 4.0" }, { "publisher": "European Commission Joint Research Centre, in collaboration with OECD", "title": "GHS-FUA R2019A V1_0, estimated functional urban areas, 2015", "url": "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95", "licence": "CC BY 4.0" } ], "reviewed": true, "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "evidence_id": "pm25-2024-efua2015-montreal", "source_ref": "source-e473b5267fc79730", "source_frame_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/pm25-2024-efua-3485.npz", "attribution_source_refs": [ "source-e473b5267fc79730", "source-f3189a9194a27e72", "source-ef5611a3b029db1b" ] }, "observation_identity": { "evidence_id": "pm25-2024-efua2015-montreal", "observation_sha256": "d51829065a06f8eb52cd6d1e638b9551d5e2f7903622ae277da2b50bb38bc5fe", "evidence_review_sha256": "a62a9a4ed673ff95eecd8d16c2b5f73f35c71458ecb62539b8b8db467c296974", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "protocol_ref": "civometra.pm25.measurement@1.0.0", "protocol_sha256": "05e35da782e171155969f3129d6002a26efff73c77ca18abfe0430ac93eedfc5", "protocol_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "geography_ref": "efua-2015-v1-0:montreal", "geography_sha256": "fd56336b771614cb3dd44f7d2606fcaaecf9967e7e800ed79e713f7418949f50", "geography_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "source_frame_ref": "pm25-2024-efua-3485", "source_frame_registry_sha256": "6bbbfb9fd551d08bfdd12a90abeb0f4cdb954c60add1a8a1165ce3adbcee6e52", "source_frame": { "id": "pm25-2024-efua-3485", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/pm25-2024-efua-3485.npz", "sha256": "0723d4a7a188777ff3399b26c6c37876297ebff0ac3ce597c5532355472d684a", "source_urls": [ "https://www.satpm.org/v6-gl-03", "https://satpmdata.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/V6GL03/CNNPM25/Annual/GL/V6GL03.CNNPM25.GL.202401-202412.nc", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "Shen, S., Li, C., van Donkelaar, A., Jacobs, N., Wang, C., and Martin, R. V. (2024). Enhancing Global Estimation of Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations by Including Geophysical a Priori Information in Deep Learning. ACS ES&T Air. doi:10.1021/acsestair.3c00054. SatPM V6.GL.03, annual 2024; accessed 26 October 2026. Population weighting and extraction by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; JRC population and boundary sources credited separately." }, "geography_source_frames": [ { "id": "ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-v1", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-514cc4071511.gpkg", "sha256": "514cc4071511d149ff4f37b533404954e5e785913cbafce1294428848bc0a9fb", "source_urls": [ "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/GHSL/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A/V1-0/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0.zip", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre, developed in collaboration with OECD. GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement." }, { "id": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/ghs-fua-2015-r2019a-d54de59b82b8.zip", "sha256": "d54de59b82b8c4d64a710f90ccd554975a3be92233f14115ac154094c3549979", "source_urls": [ "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/GHSL/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A/V1-0/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0.zip", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre, developed in collaboration with OECD. GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement." } ] }, "scoring_boundary": { "id": "efua-2015-v1-0:montreal", "city_slug": "montreal", "status": "reviewed", "scope": "functional-urban-area", "boundary_kind": "estimated-functional-urban-area", "authority": "European Commission Joint Research Centre, in collaboration with OECD", "source_geography_id": "3485", "source_name": "Montreal", "boundary_vintage": "2015", "geography_edition": "GHS-FUA R2019A, 2015, V1_0", "version": "efua2015-cohort-v1.0.0", "source_frame_ref": "ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-v1", "original_source_frame_ref": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "crosswalk_method": "Inherited WGS84 destination point transformed to ESRI:54009 and uniquely intersected with original source polygon; original country labels retained. OECD IDs/overlap diagnostics are separate, non-equivalence crosswalks.", "crosswalk": { "city_slug": "montreal", "estimated_area_id": 3485, "oecd_crosswalk": [ { "oecd_id": "CAN02F", "oecd_name": "Montreal", "status": "spatial-overlap-diagnostic-only", "boundary_vintage": null, "estimated_area_km2": 5027, "oecd_projected_area_km2": 12139.516258898275, "intersection_km2": 4129.1309247812505, "fraction_of_estimated_area_in_oecd": 0.8213906753095784, "fraction_of_oecd_area_in_estimated": 0.3401396593340031, "intersection_over_union": 0.3167146493688339, "oecd_reprojected_validity_adapter_applied": false, "notice": "Approximate area diagnostic after reprojection to common equal-area CRS; not boundary equivalence, current boundary vintage, population coverage or outcome conversion weights." } ], "oecd_status": "matched-different-edition", "reference_point": { "longitude": -73.5673, "latitude": 45.5017, "provenance": "Inherited destination registry: spatial lookup aid only; not evidence of a scored boundary." }, "destination_country_iso3": "CAN", "source_country_iso3": "CAN", "source_country_name": "Canada" }, "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "scoring_approved": true, "policy_decision_ref": "civometra-pm25-initial-research-admission-2026-10-26", "analytical_area_id": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a:3485", "shared_with": [], "source_record_ref": "GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0; eFUA_ID=3485; fid=846", "exact_geometry": { "archive_file": "efua-2015-cohort-exact.gpkg", "archive_sha256": "12ae143651080d64458da3ce2603bb58ee4cd3d9357e624a383128f41f0bebc9", "table": "GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0", "source_fid": 846, "source_geometry_wkb_sha256": "7869b15ce38edcdd1371798d80ce8cb42ea3aaa9656d9e7c5de567e8abda35a6", "source_geometry_blob_sha256": "f35e8d2ceb9a97ca10f5938109de46e9e4f930b1bf7a8162363ca80636a997bc", "crs": "ESRI:54009", "simplified": false, "reprojected": false, "clipped": false }, "extraction_geometry": { "archive_file": "efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter.gpkg", "archive_sha256": "514cc4071511d149ff4f37b533404954e5e785913cbafce1294428848bc0a9fb", "table": "GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0", "record_id": 3485, "geometry_wkb_sha256": "0ea88ed4bf7a5cce92ea50e12c91195ea3995291013b0347963045cf208cfe55", "adapter": "make-valid-linework-v1", "source_1km_mask_sha256": "953eeb268f771933f1f9ee1f072383aad1a0ac6dd9c299e1197a9bee3e92c4eb" }, "geometry_review": { "completed": true, "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "original_valid": false, "validity_adapter_applied": true, "native_area_and_grid_footprint_unchanged": true }, "interpretation": "Fixed 2015 globally estimated functional area. Current-year annual exposure may be extracted within this historical analytical footprint using separately reviewed population and concentration grids. This is not a claim about observed/current commuting flows or present-day city-proper boundaries.", "approved_protocol_refs": [ "civometra.pm25.measurement@1.0.0" ], "boundary_label": "2015 estimated functional urban area: Montreal (3485)", "review_scope": "Reviewed research geography for this PM protocol only; not an observed current commuting zone or blanket approval for other indicators.", "geography_ref": "efua-2015-v1-0:montreal", "geography_type_required": "harmonized-urban-area", "notice": "Scoped protocol permissions can repeat one unchanged physical boundary. Counts distinguish reviewed entries from unique destinations and analytical areas. Frozen 2015 estimated areas are not current observed commuting zones or 2025 urban centres.", "registry_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/scoring-geographies.json", "source_frames": [ { "id": "ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-v1", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-514cc4071511.gpkg", "sha256": "514cc4071511d149ff4f37b533404954e5e785913cbafce1294428848bc0a9fb", "source_urls": [ "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/GHSL/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A/V1-0/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0.zip", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "copyright_notice_sha256": "f20723519a580fb35b3499870f0b1baea54f483195105416e547f0014f1610d2", "attribution": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre, developed in collaboration with OECD. GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement.", "original_source_frame_ref": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "original_source_archive_sha256": "d54de59b82b8c4d64a710f90ccd554975a3be92233f14115ac154094c3549979", "adaptation": "Exact selected original features, with documented make_valid linework decomposition only where invalid. No coordinate, boundary-linework, area or 1 km cell-footprint change; source originals separately retained.", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-514cc4071511.gpkg", "source_ref": "source-0a2031537592e1ba" }, { "id": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/ghs-fua-2015-r2019a-d54de59b82b8.zip", "sha256": "d54de59b82b8c4d64a710f90ccd554975a3be92233f14115ac154094c3549979", "source_urls": [ "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/GHSL/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A/V1-0/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0.zip", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "copyright_notice_sha256": "f20723519a580fb35b3499870f0b1baea54f483195105416e547f0014f1610d2", "attribution": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre, developed in collaboration with OECD. GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement.", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/ghs-fua-2015-r2019a-d54de59b82b8.zip", "source_ref": "source-0a2031537592e1ba" } ] } }, { "id": "green-access", "pillar": "environment", "label": "Residents within 300m of public green space", "unit": "%", "higher_better": true, "anchors": [ 0, 100 ], "max_age_days": 1095, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "heat-exposure", "pillar": "environment", "label": "Annual dangerous heat exposure", "unit": "person-days/person", "higher_better": false, "anchors": [ 0, 90 ], "max_age_days": 730, "status": "accepted", "reason": "A reviewed observation passes the configured admission checks.", "observation": { "city_slug": "montreal", "metric": "heat-exposure", "value": 0.8378985668699251, "unit": "person-days/person", "period_start": "2025-01-01", "period_end": "2025-12-31", "source_url": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/derived-utci-historical?tab=overview", "geography_type": "harmonized-urban-area", "geography_ref": "efua-2015-heat-v1-0:montreal", "protocol_ref": "civometra.heat-exposure.measurement@1.0.0", "source_frame_ref": "heat-2025-efua-3485", "source_frame_url": "/data/source-frames/heat-2025-efua-3485.npz", "source_frame_sha256": "1deadefaad1c1f1af1bc4bc162ecdccfb5963ed900373edb361369ba6f4b1cdc", "source_record_ref": "heat-2025-efua-3485.npz; heat_days_2025/monthly_heat_days_2025 and exact population operands; estimated source area 3485", "universe": "Residents modelled in the GHS-POP R2023A 2020 native 1 km count grid inside the frozen 2015 JRC/OECD estimated functional urban area; historical annual outdoor UTCI maximum heat days represented at residential grid cells. This is not an individual clinical-risk measure.", "denominator": 4184064.7379515534, "publisher": "BestCityToLive Research Desk / AINT.app; derived from C3S/ECMWF and European Commission/JRC", "source_label": "Population-weighted annual extreme-heat exposure: reviewed research input", "geography": "2015 estimated functional urban area: Montreal (3485)", "definition_version": "1.0.0", "analytical_area_id": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a:3485", "boundary_label": "2015 estimated functional urban area: Montreal (3485)", "boundary_reference_year": 2015, "population_reference_year": 2020, "source_model": { "name": "ERA5-HEAT via Thermal Trace (archived chart-data snapshot)", "version": null, "source_url": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/derived-utci-historical?tab=overview", "sha256": "42401d35af69b247923a891cde93a7f9893bc420dff5034fea864dda8a53c8d0" }, "calculation_method": "For each complete UTC day in 2025, count maximum outdoor UTCI >=38 degrees Celsius at the nearest actual native 0.25-degree Thermal Trace grid point for each population-cell centre. Annual exposure = sum(known 2020 population_cell * exposed UTC days) / sum(known population with complete 365-day weather); monthly values use the same denominator. Exact whole 1 km 2015 source-cell masks are retained. Weather is constant within a population cell; no interpolation, neighbour gap-fill, invented zero population or city-specific thresholds. Primary exposure counts exported daily maximum Celsius UTCI >=38. Publisher annual hot counts were empirically compared with strict > recounts at 26/32/38/46 on those same exact exported Celsius operands; inclusive-minus-reference equals the exact equality count. No epsilon, rounded operands or verified backend cause is asserted. The difference is threshold-definition sensitivity, not a confidence interval, physical accuracy estimate, separate scored indicator or replacement primary value.", "coverage": { "cell_count": 5027, "population_grid_valid_cells": 5027, "missing_cells": 0, "zero_cells": 740, "population_grid_area_coverage": 1, "total_known_modelled_population": 4184064.7379515534, "weather_covered_population": 4184064.7379515534, "weather_population_coverage": 1, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 3505821.8476205957, "native_weather_points": 20, "expected_days": 365 }, "uncertainty": { "status": "not-reported-for-this-derived-area", "note": "The source supplies no city-specific statistical confidence interval. Regional reanalysis does not resolve shade, indoor conditions, neighbourhood microclimate or individual physiological exposure." }, "scope_notice": "Annual 2025 modelled outdoor heat exposure using 2020 modelled population in the fixed 2015 estimated area Montreal (source ID 3485). Native weather resolution is 0.25 degrees. This historical modelled analytical footprint is not a current municipality or observed commuting boundary.", "source_attribution": [ { "publisher": "Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), implemented by ECMWF", "title": "ERA5-HEAT via Thermal Trace, archived 2025 daily maximum/minimum outdoor UTCI chart facts", "url": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/derived-utci-historical?tab=overview", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "attribution": { "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "basis": "Pinned official frontend chart/CSV export metadata; the JSON response itself omits licence and units.", "attribution": "Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) information 2025, implemented by ECMWF. Source: ERA5-HEAT via Thermal Trace and the Climate Data Store, DOI 10.24381/cds.553b7518; chart facts licensed CC BY 4.0.", "modifications": "Modified by BestCityToLive / AINT.app: daily maxima counted >=38 degrees Celsius on exact exported daily operands, native 0.25-degree sampling with the disclosed higher-coordinate tie rule, GHS-POP 2020 population weighting on reviewed estimated-FUA 2015 masks, and annual/monthly calculations with strict-threshold definition sensitivity. These derivatives are not source-produced city estimates.", "responsibility_notice": "Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data in this publication.", "no_endorsement": "The original publishers have not endorsed BestCityToLive, AINT.app, Civometra, the historical estimated-area compatibility review, or these derived city-area values." } }, { "publisher": "European Commission Joint Research Centre", "title": "GHS-POP R2023A V1-0, 2020 modelled residential population counts", "url": "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe", "licence": "CC BY 4.0" }, { "publisher": "European Commission Joint Research Centre, in collaboration with OECD", "title": "GHS-FUA R2019A V1_0, estimated functional urban areas, 2015", "url": "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95", "licence": "CC BY 4.0" } ], "weather_reference_year": 2025, "monthly_exposure_days": [ { "month": "2025-01", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-02", "calendar_days": 28, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-03", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-04", "calendar_days": 30, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-05", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-06", "calendar_days": 30, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-07", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-08", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0.8378985668699251, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 3505821.8476205957 }, { "month": "2025-09", "calendar_days": 30, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-10", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-11", "calendar_days": 30, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-12", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 } ], "definition_sensitivity": { "label": "threshold-definition sensitivity", "threshold_c": 38, "primary_comparison": ">=", "reference_comparison": ">", "denominator": 4184064.7379515534, "strict_value": 0.8378985668699251, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 3505821.8476205957, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0, "monthly_exposure_days": [ { "month": "2025-01", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-02", "calendar_days": 28, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-03", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-04", "calendar_days": 30, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-05", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-06", "calendar_days": 30, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-07", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-08", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0.8378985668699251, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 3505821.8476205957, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-09", "calendar_days": 30, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-10", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-11", "calendar_days": 30, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-12", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 } ], "notice": "Exact published-Celsius comparison sensitivity; not a confidence interval, physical accuracy estimate, new scored indicator or replacement primary value. The provider backend comparison/conversion order is not established." }, "reviewed": true, "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "evidence_id": "heat-2025-efua2015-montreal", "source_ref": "source-82ac6f7a3f0687eb", "source_frame_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/heat-2025-efua-3485.npz", "attribution_source_refs": [ "source-82ac6f7a3f0687eb", "source-f3189a9194a27e72", "source-ef5611a3b029db1b" ] }, "observation_identity": { "evidence_id": "heat-2025-efua2015-montreal", "observation_sha256": "378a8a12d18c0302c2d6903f1bc6f9467e3c2febc1834e91ce022f5e10494678", "evidence_review_sha256": "c00656dd35374ec8965d3bb292e955aa2123c594f59edfd8ba1814432ecd117a", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "protocol_ref": "civometra.heat-exposure.measurement@1.0.0", "protocol_sha256": "67b31ac71f805f7807a86472a0b7a27857d242ac001d41d89a49a6a421b68659", "protocol_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "geography_ref": "efua-2015-heat-v1-0:montreal", "geography_sha256": "3d4716af0339a61c2cc0b9edb305d35fd9f9f495676ddb750762006eeff76983", "geography_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "source_frame_ref": "heat-2025-efua-3485", "source_frame_registry_sha256": "65586ae4d58a8bd091846c92989781cd821564d0f7f2be38eed6f5830306dcd4", "source_frame": { "id": "heat-2025-efua-3485", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/heat-2025-efua-3485.npz", "sha256": "1deadefaad1c1f1af1bc4bc162ecdccfb5963ed900373edb361369ba6f4b1cdc", "source_urls": [ "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/derived-utci-historical?tab=overview", "https://thermaltrace.climate.copernicus.eu/", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) information 2025, implemented by ECMWF. Source: ERA5-HEAT via Thermal Trace and the Climate Data Store, DOI 10.24381/cds.553b7518; chart facts licensed CC BY 4.0. Modified by BestCityToLive / AINT.app: daily maxima counted >=38 degrees Celsius on exact exported daily operands, native 0.25-degree sampling with the disclosed higher-coordinate tie rule, GHS-POP 2020 population weighting on reviewed estimated-FUA 2015 masks, and annual/monthly calculations with strict-threshold definition sensitivity. These derivatives are not source-produced city estimates. Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data in this publication." }, "geography_source_frames": [ { "id": "ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-v1", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-514cc4071511.gpkg", "sha256": "514cc4071511d149ff4f37b533404954e5e785913cbafce1294428848bc0a9fb", "source_urls": [ "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/GHSL/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A/V1-0/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0.zip", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre, developed in collaboration with OECD. GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement." }, { "id": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/ghs-fua-2015-r2019a-d54de59b82b8.zip", "sha256": "d54de59b82b8c4d64a710f90ccd554975a3be92233f14115ac154094c3549979", "source_urls": [ "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/GHSL/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A/V1-0/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0.zip", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre, developed in collaboration with OECD. GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement." } ] }, "scoring_boundary": { "id": "efua-2015-heat-v1-0:montreal", "city_slug": "montreal", "status": "reviewed", "scope": "functional-urban-area", "boundary_kind": "estimated-functional-urban-area", "authority": "European Commission Joint Research Centre, in collaboration with OECD", "source_geography_id": "3485", "source_name": "Montreal", "boundary_vintage": "2015", "geography_edition": "GHS-FUA R2019A, 2015, V1_0", "version": "efua2015-cohort-v1.0.0", "source_frame_ref": "ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-v1", "original_source_frame_ref": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "crosswalk_method": "Inherited WGS84 destination point transformed to ESRI:54009 and uniquely intersected with original source polygon; original country labels retained. OECD IDs/overlap diagnostics are separate, non-equivalence crosswalks.", "crosswalk": { "city_slug": "montreal", "estimated_area_id": 3485, "oecd_crosswalk": [ { "oecd_id": "CAN02F", "oecd_name": "Montreal", "status": "spatial-overlap-diagnostic-only", "boundary_vintage": null, "estimated_area_km2": 5027, "oecd_projected_area_km2": 12139.516258898275, "intersection_km2": 4129.1309247812505, "fraction_of_estimated_area_in_oecd": 0.8213906753095784, "fraction_of_oecd_area_in_estimated": 0.3401396593340031, "intersection_over_union": 0.3167146493688339, "oecd_reprojected_validity_adapter_applied": false, "notice": "Approximate area diagnostic after reprojection to common equal-area CRS; not boundary equivalence, current boundary vintage, population coverage or outcome conversion weights." } ], "oecd_status": "matched-different-edition", "reference_point": { "longitude": -73.5673, "latitude": 45.5017, "provenance": "Inherited destination registry: spatial lookup aid only; not evidence of a scored boundary." }, "destination_country_iso3": "CAN", "source_country_iso3": "CAN", "source_country_name": "Canada" }, "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "scoring_approved": true, "policy_decision_ref": "civometra.heat2025.complete-source-and-scoped-review@1.0.0", "analytical_area_id": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a:3485", "shared_with": [], "source_record_ref": "GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0; eFUA_ID=3485; fid=846", "exact_geometry": { "archive_file": "efua-2015-cohort-exact.gpkg", "archive_sha256": "12ae143651080d64458da3ce2603bb58ee4cd3d9357e624a383128f41f0bebc9", "table": "GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0", "source_fid": 846, "source_geometry_wkb_sha256": "7869b15ce38edcdd1371798d80ce8cb42ea3aaa9656d9e7c5de567e8abda35a6", "source_geometry_blob_sha256": "f35e8d2ceb9a97ca10f5938109de46e9e4f930b1bf7a8162363ca80636a997bc", "crs": "ESRI:54009", "simplified": false, "reprojected": false, "clipped": false }, "extraction_geometry": { "archive_file": "efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter.gpkg", "archive_sha256": "514cc4071511d149ff4f37b533404954e5e785913cbafce1294428848bc0a9fb", "table": "GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0", "record_id": 3485, "geometry_wkb_sha256": "0ea88ed4bf7a5cce92ea50e12c91195ea3995291013b0347963045cf208cfe55", "adapter": "make-valid-linework-v1", "source_1km_mask_sha256": "953eeb268f771933f1f9ee1f072383aad1a0ac6dd9c299e1197a9bee3e92c4eb" }, "geometry_review": { "completed": true, "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "original_valid": false, "validity_adapter_applied": true, "native_area_and_grid_footprint_unchanged": true }, "interpretation": "Fixed 2015 globally estimated functional area. Current-year annual exposure may be extracted within this historical analytical footprint using separately reviewed population and concentration grids. This is not a claim about observed/current commuting flows or present-day city-proper boundaries.", "approved_protocol_refs": [ "civometra.heat-exposure.measurement@1.0.0" ], "boundary_label": "2015 estimated functional urban area: Montreal (3485)", "review_scope": "Same exact 2015 source geometry, separately reviewed for the frozen heat protocol only. Historical estimated area; not an observed current commuting zone or blanket approval.", "derived_from_geography_ref": "efua-2015-v1-0:montreal", "geography_ref": "efua-2015-heat-v1-0:montreal", "geography_type_required": "harmonized-urban-area", "notice": "Scoped protocol permissions can repeat one unchanged physical boundary. Counts distinguish reviewed entries from unique destinations and analytical areas. Frozen 2015 estimated areas are not current observed commuting zones or 2025 urban centres.", "registry_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/scoring-geographies.json", "source_frames": [ { "id": "ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-v1", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-514cc4071511.gpkg", "sha256": "514cc4071511d149ff4f37b533404954e5e785913cbafce1294428848bc0a9fb", "source_urls": [ "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/GHSL/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A/V1-0/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0.zip", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "copyright_notice_sha256": "f20723519a580fb35b3499870f0b1baea54f483195105416e547f0014f1610d2", "attribution": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre, developed in collaboration with OECD. GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement.", "original_source_frame_ref": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "original_source_archive_sha256": "d54de59b82b8c4d64a710f90ccd554975a3be92233f14115ac154094c3549979", "adaptation": "Exact selected original features, with documented make_valid linework decomposition only where invalid. No coordinate, boundary-linework, area or 1 km cell-footprint change; source originals separately retained.", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-514cc4071511.gpkg", "source_ref": "source-0a2031537592e1ba" }, { "id": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/ghs-fua-2015-r2019a-d54de59b82b8.zip", "sha256": "d54de59b82b8c4d64a710f90ccd554975a3be92233f14115ac154094c3549979", "source_urls": [ "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/GHSL/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A/V1-0/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0.zip", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "copyright_notice_sha256": "f20723519a580fb35b3499870f0b1baea54f483195105416e547f0014f1610d2", "attribution": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre, developed in collaboration with OECD. GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement.", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/ghs-fua-2015-r2019a-d54de59b82b8.zip", "source_ref": "source-0a2031537592e1ba" } ] } }, { "id": "flood-exposure", "pillar": "environment", "label": "Residents in high-risk flood areas", "unit": "%", "higher_better": false, "anchors": [ 0, 30 ], "max_age_days": 1095, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "thermal-comfort", "pillar": "environment", "label": "Annual hours with moderate outdoor thermal conditions", "unit": "hours", "higher_better": true, "anchors": [ 500, 5000 ], "max_age_days": 730, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "emissions", "pillar": "environment", "label": "Territorial greenhouse gas emissions per capita", "unit": "tonnes CO2e/person", "higher_better": false, "anchors": [ 1, 20 ], "max_age_days": 1095, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "employment", "pillar": "opportunity", "label": "Employment rate, working age", "unit": "%", "higher_better": true, "anchors": [ 45, 85 ], "max_age_days": 365, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "job-growth", "pillar": "opportunity", "label": "Three-year annualized employment growth", "unit": "%", "higher_better": true, "anchors": [ -3, 5 ], "max_age_days": 730, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "skills", "pillar": "opportunity", "label": "Adults with postsecondary qualifications", "unit": "%", "higher_better": true, "anchors": [ 10, 70 ], "max_age_days": 1095, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "business-formation", "pillar": "opportunity", "label": "New employer firms per 1,000 working-age residents", "unit": "per 1000", "higher_better": true, "anchors": [ 0, 15 ], "max_age_days": 730, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "culture-access", "pillar": "opportunity", "label": "Residents near a library or cultural venue", "unit": "%", "higher_better": true, "anchors": [ 0, 100 ], "max_age_days": 1095, "status": "missing", "reason": "No index observation has been submitted for this indicator." }, { "id": "housing-supply", "pillar": "opportunity", "label": "Housing completions per 1,000 residents", "unit": "per 1000", "higher_better": true, "anchors": [ 0, 15 ], "max_age_days": 730, "status": "accepted", "reason": "A reviewed observation passes the configured admission checks.", "observation": { "city_slug": "montreal", "metric": "housing-supply", "value": 4.695686254210404, "unit": "per 1000", "period_start": "2025-01-01", "period_end": "2025-12-31", "source_url": "https://assets.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/sites/cmhc/professional/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data-tables/housing-market-data/housing-information-monthly/2025/december/provincial-starts-completions-dwelling-type-12-25-en.xlsx", "geography_type": "harmonized-urban-area", "geography_ref": "statcan-cma2021-housing-v1-0:montreal", "protocol_ref": "civometra.housing-supply.measurement@1.0.0", "source_frame_ref": "housing-2025-minimal", "source_frame_url": "/data/source-frames/housing-2025-minimal-source-frames.json", "source_frame_sha256": "6d0d982c476494ff9c39d7554166f8777d1362b66ecc3e04c03a5c11cf55140f", "source_record_ref": "CMHC Table A6_1 K27 / Table F6-4 G26; Statistics Canada annual v42128175, monthly January–December 2025, population v1589878032 (July 1,2025); native Notes!A2 SGC2021 adapter.", "universe": "Gross new self-contained dwelling units on new permanent foundations, designed for non-transient year-round occupancy, completed under the official CMHC structural milestone, all intended markets (homeownership, rental, condominium and co-operative). Denominator: the official Statistics Canada all-age, total-gender July 1 population estimate in the exact same CMA2021 source area. Existing-foundation conversions/alterations, net-stock adjustments, demolitions, seasonal/transient and collective accommodation are excluded from the numerator.", "denominator": 4597837, "publisher": "Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation / Statistics Canada", "source_label": "Gross dwelling construction completions per 1,000 July 1 population estimate", "geography": "2021 official census metropolitan area: Montréal (CMAUID 462)", "definition_version": "1.0.0", "analytical_area_id": "statcan-cma2021:462", "boundary_label": "2021 official census metropolitan area: Montréal (CMAUID 462)", "boundary_reference_year": 2021, "population_reference_year": 2025, "calculation_method": "1000 * gross CMHC calendar-year new-dwelling completions / Statistics Canada July 1 resident population estimate in the same reviewed CMA2021 area. Retain exact integer operands and rational arithmetic; no net additions, starts, permits, conversions or seasonal annualization.", "uncertainty": { "status": "numeric-uncertainty-not-published", "standard_error": null, "confidence_interval": null, "coefficient_of_variation": null, "note": "Preliminary postcensal July 1, 2025 population estimate, all ages and total gender; not a census count, projection or final estimate. No numeric confidence interval is published for the selected source rows. Completion rows carry blank original quality/revision symbols; blank does not imply zero uncertainty or finality." }, "scope_notice": "Official 2025 gross CMHC dwelling construction completions per 1,000 July 1 residents in 2021 official census metropolitan area: Montréal (CMAUID 462). Official CMHC construction-stage completion: generally all proposed work has been performed, although up to 10% may remain under some circumstances. For multi-dwelling buildings the stage applies to the structure; the reported counts are dwelling units. This is not legal occupancy certification, actual occupation, sale or absorption. Preliminary postcensal July 1, 2025 population estimate, all ages and total gender; not a census count, projection or final estimate. No numeric confidence interval is published for the selected source rows. Native CMHC December 2025 workbook Notes!A2 explicitly assigns SGC2021 Census geography from January 2023. The annual/monthly Statistics Canada completion CSVs retain literal 2011-prefixed national-CMA DGUIDs; their cause is not asserted and they are never rewritten. The population table explicitly uses national CMA2021 DGUIDs. Original CMA classification codes, names, native workbook totals/notes, the complete 156-feature CMA/CA provincial-part source inventory (42 CMA B, 105 CA D, 9 tracted CA K features), and exact agency polygons bind this reviewed source adapter. All four selected units are type B CMAs, each with one provincial part. No equivalence with PM/heat estimated-FUA2015 is claimed.", "source_attribution": [ { "publisher": "Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation", "title": "Starts and Completions Survey, January to December 2025; all intended markets", "url": "https://assets.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/sites/cmhc/professional/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data-tables/housing-market-data/housing-information-monthly/2025/december/provincial-starts-completions-dwelling-type-12-25-en.xlsx", "licence": "CMHC Licence Agreement for the Use of Data" }, { "publisher": "Statistics Canada", "title": "Table 17-10-0148-01, July 1,2025 population estimates; preliminary postcensal", "url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/tbl/csv/17100148-eng.zip", "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence" }, { "publisher": "Statistics Canada", "title": "CMA2021 digital boundaries; original whole-CMA provincial-part identity proof", "url": "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6", "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence" } ], "derivation": { "kind": "gross-completions-per-midyear-resident", "calculation": "1000 * gross CMHC calendar-year new-dwelling completions / Statistics Canada July 1 resident population estimate in the same reviewed CMA2021 area. Retain exact integer operands and rational arithmetic; no net additions, starts, permits, conversions or seasonal annualization.", "completion_count": 21590, "midyear_population": 4597837, "scale": 1000, "exact_rational": { "numerator": 21590000, "denominator": 4597837, "decimal_28_digit_context": "4.695686254210403718096139554", "expression": "1000 * 21590 / 4597837" }, "calendar_period": { "start": "2025-01-01", "end": "2025-12-31", "year": 2025 }, "population_reference_date": "2025-07-01", "population_status": "preliminary-postcensal", "gross_or_net": "gross-new-build", "all_intended_markets": true, "completion_standard": "Official CMHC construction-stage completion: generally all proposed work has been performed, although up to 10% may remain under some circumstances. For multi-dwelling buildings the stage applies to the structure; the reported counts are dwelling units. This is not legal occupancy certification, actual occupation, sale or absorption.", "dwelling_definition": "Gross new self-contained dwelling units on new permanent foundations, designed for non-transient year-round occupancy, completed under the official CMHC structural milestone, all intended markets (homeownership, rental, condominium and co-operative). Denominator: the official Statistics Canada all-age, total-gender July 1 population estimate in the exact same CMA2021 source area. Existing-foundation conversions/alterations, net-stock adjustments, demolitions, seasonal/transient and collective accommodation are excluded from the numerator.", "source_geography_adapter": "Native CMHC December 2025 workbook Notes!A2 explicitly assigns SGC2021 Census geography from January 2023. The annual/monthly Statistics Canada completion CSVs retain literal 2011-prefixed national-CMA DGUIDs; their cause is not asserted and they are never rewritten. The population table explicitly uses national CMA2021 DGUIDs. Original CMA classification codes, names, native workbook totals/notes, the complete 156-feature CMA/CA provincial-part source inventory (42 CMA B, 105 CA D, 9 tracted CA K features), and exact agency polygons bind this reviewed source adapter. All four selected units are type B CMAs, each with one provincial part. No equivalence with PM/heat estimated-FUA2015 is claimed.", "source_cma_uid": "462", "source_cmap_uid": "24462", "source_provincial_part_dguid": "2021S050524462", "source_completion_dguid_as_published": "2011S0503462", "population_dguid_as_published": "2021S0503462", "completion_by_dwelling_type": { "Single-detached units": 1255, "Semi-detached units": 331, "Row units": 700, "Apartment and other unit types": 19304 }, "completion_by_intended_market": { "homeownership": { "raw": "2265", "value": 2265, "source_cell": "C26" }, "rental": { "raw": "16436", "value": 16436, "source_cell": "D26" }, "condominium": { "raw": "2778", "value": 2778, "source_cell": "E26" }, "cooperative": { "raw": "111", "value": 111, "source_cell": "F26" } }, "original_source_records": { "annual": { "filename": "statcan-34100134-eng.zip", "sha256": "b72f17d6d9f419cd5881500e60e9f7399f1a50c06aa88ef3e629705ac2b8b95f", "member": "34100134.csv", "csv_data_row_1based": 30637, "csv_line_1based": 30638, "raw_source_record": { "REF_DATE": "2025", "GEO": "Montréal, Quebec", "DGUID": "2011S0503462", "Housing estimates": "Housing completions", "Type of unit": "Total units", "UOM": "Units", "UOM_ID": "300", "SCALAR_FACTOR": "units", "SCALAR_ID": "0", "VECTOR": "v42128175", "COORDINATE": "9.3.1", "VALUE": "21590", "STATUS": "", "SYMBOL": "", "TERMINATED": "", "DECIMALS": "0" } }, "monthly": { "filename": "statcan-34100154-eng.zip", "sha256": "0b6bfd429925c0de6102e9b15b6f1946bb7fc5a05b08534e12ed9df75d6d5f13", "member": "34100154.csv", "records": [ { "csv_data_row_1based": 332876, "csv_line_1based": 332877, "raw_source_record": { "REF_DATE": "2025-01", "GEO": "Montréal, Quebec", "DGUID": "2011S0503462", "Housing estimates": "Housing completions", "Type of unit": "Total units", "UOM": "Units", "UOM_ID": "300", "SCALAR_FACTOR": "units", "SCALAR_ID": "0", "VECTOR": "v42127575", "COORDINATE": "29.3.1", "VALUE": "1450", "STATUS": "", "SYMBOL": "", "TERMINATED": "", "DECIMALS": "0" } }, { "csv_data_row_1based": 333416, 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No endorsement." } ] }, "scoring_boundary": { "id": "statcan-cma2021-housing-v1-0:montreal", "city_slug": "montreal", "status": "reviewed", "scope": "functional-urban-area", "boundary_kind": "official-census-metropolitan-area", "authority": "Statistics Canada", "source_geography_id": "462", "source_name": "Montréal", "source_cmap_uid": "24462", "source_dguid": "2021S050524462", "source_dguid_as_published": "2021S050524462", "source_dguid_scope": "Provincial CMA part; complete official layer proves exactly one part for this CMAUID.", "boundary_vintage": "2021-01-01", "geography_edition": "2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, second edition", "version": "statcan-cma2021-housing-v1.0.0", "source_frame_ref": "statcan-cma2021-462-native", "coordinate_source_frame_ref": "statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84", "crosswalk_method": "Native CMHC December 2025 workbook Notes!A2 explicitly assigns SGC2021 Census geography from January 2023. The annual/monthly Statistics Canada completion CSVs retain literal 2011-prefixed national-CMA DGUIDs; their cause is not asserted and they are never rewritten. The population table explicitly uses national CMA2021 DGUIDs. Original CMA classification codes, names, native workbook totals/notes, the complete 156-feature CMA/CA provincial-part source inventory (42 CMA B, 105 CA D, 9 tracted CA K features), and exact agency polygons bind this reviewed source adapter. All four selected units are type B CMAs, each with one provincial part. No equivalence with PM/heat estimated-FUA2015 is claimed.", "crosswalk": { "city_slug": "montreal", "source_cma_uid": "462", "source_cmap_uid": "24462", "source_dguid": "2021S050524462", "reference_point": { "latitude": 45.5017, "longitude": -73.5673, "role": "Inherited destination reference point used only for spatial matching; not a scored boundary." }, "complete_layer_proof": { "whole_layer_records": 156, "independent_objectid_records": 156, "attribute_objectids_equal_complete_id_set": true, "selected_cma_part_count": 1, "attribute_frame_ref": "rental-statcan-cma2021-all-identities", "attribute_archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-all-identities-0ee709dfc333.json", "attribute_archive_sha256": "0ee709dfc333a80ca2048a93ff6582730b7f262a8c4f68162ba7422eabb01bc3", "complete_objectid_frame_ref": "rental-statcan-cma2021-layer-objectids", "complete_objectid_archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-layer-objectids-ddc46b5729ff.json", "complete_objectid_archive_sha256": "ddc46b5729ff9dca9fbb29208db8c3e4a57b511f107a9fb7100cf6909327be8b", "inventory_scope": "Complete original 156-feature CMA/CA provincial-part source inventory; 42 type B CMA, 105 type D CA, 9 type K tracted CA features.", "selected_cma_type": "B" }, "housing_source_adapter": { "cmhc_notes": { "source_frame_ref": "housing-2025-cmhc-geography", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/housing-2025-cmhc-geography-5ca133946244.xlsx", "sha256": "5ca133946244c91dbc0c3119d266dc18a0672795686ea5c5eb18bec1fc739171", "sheet": "Notes", "cell": "A2" }, "completion_dguid_as_published": "2011S0503462", "population_dguid_as_published": "2021S0503462", "notice": "Native CMHC December 2025 workbook Notes!A2 explicitly assigns SGC2021 Census geography from January 2023. The annual/monthly Statistics Canada completion CSVs retain literal 2011-prefixed national-CMA DGUIDs; their cause is not asserted and they are never rewritten. The population table explicitly uses national CMA2021 DGUIDs. Original CMA classification codes, names, native workbook totals/notes, the complete 156-feature CMA/CA provincial-part source inventory (42 CMA B, 105 CA D, 9 tracted CA K features), and exact agency polygons bind this reviewed source adapter. All four selected units are type B CMAs, each with one provincial part. No equivalence with PM/heat estimated-FUA2015 is claimed." } }, "functional_definition": "Census Metropolitan Area 2021, Digital Boundary Files (DBF).\nA census metropolitan area (CMA) or a census agglomeration (CA) is formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centred on a population centre (known as the core). A CMA must have a total population of at least 100,000, based on data from the current Census of Population Program, of which 50,000 or more must live in the core based on adjusted data from the previous Census of Population Program. A CA must have a core population of at least 10,000 also based on data from the previous Census of Population Program. To be included in the CMA or CA, other adjacent municipalities must have a high degree of integration with the core, as measured by commuting flows derived from data on place of work from the previous Census Program. If the population of the core of a CA falls below 10,000, the CA is retired from the next census. However, once an area becomes a CMA, it is retained as a CMA even if its total population declines below 100,000 or the population of its core falls below 50,000. All areas inside the CMA or CA that are not population centres are rural areas. When a CA has a core of at least 50,000, based on data from the previous Census of Population, it is subdivided into census tracts. Census tracts are maintained for the CA even if the population of the core subsequently falls below 50,000. All CMAs are subdivided into census tracts.", "analytical_area_id": "statcan-cma2021:462", "boundary_label": "2021 official census metropolitan area: Montréal (CMAUID 462)", "shared_with": [], "approved_protocol_refs": [ "civometra.housing-supply.measurement@1.0.0" ], "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "scoring_approved": true, "policy_decision_ref": "civometra-housing-supply-2025-initial-research-v1", "review_scope": "Direct official calendar 2025 CMHC gross completions and July 1 population in publisher CMA2021 geography, approved only for the housing-supply protocol. No estimated-FUA2015 or OECD geometric equivalence.", "geography_ref": "statcan-cma2021-housing-v1-0:montreal", "geography_type_required": "harmonized-urban-area", "notice": "Scoped protocol permissions can repeat one unchanged physical boundary. Counts distinguish reviewed entries from unique destinations and analytical areas. Frozen 2015 estimated areas are not current observed commuting zones or 2025 urban centres.", "registry_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/scoring-geographies.json", "source_frames": [ { "id": "statcan-cma2021-462-native", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-native-5a0393ee69c1.json", "sha256": "5a0393ee69c18ad2db94b833830ec1cdeb58fe45f9a499b8bd401b719dac1222", "source_urls": [ "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6/query?where=CMAUID%3D%27462%27&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=true&f=json", "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6" ], "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence", "licence_url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "Statistics Canada, 2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, reference date 1 January 2021; original native EPSG:3347 polygon. No endorsement.", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T21:30:41.285876+00:00", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-native-5a0393ee69c1.json", "source_ref": "source-6584937305233b29" }, { "id": "statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84-82c0dffde26a.json", "sha256": "82c0dffde26a5d30cf96899b47f22d824cba943b2ccd36e2719f245cf1fcc1f2", "source_urls": [ "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6/query?where=CMAUID%3D%27462%27&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=true&f=json&outSR=4326", "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6" ], "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence", "licence_url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "Statistics Canada, 2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, original agency outSR=4326 polygon; no local simplification or repair. No endorsement.", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T21:52:10.932439+00:00", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84-82c0dffde26a.json", "source_ref": "source-a64767ed678eeff3" } ] } } ], "scoring_boundary": { "id": "efua-2015-v1-0:montreal", "city_slug": "montreal", "status": "reviewed", "scope": "functional-urban-area", "boundary_kind": "estimated-functional-urban-area", "authority": "European Commission Joint Research Centre, in collaboration with OECD", "source_geography_id": "3485", "source_name": "Montreal", "boundary_vintage": "2015", "geography_edition": "GHS-FUA R2019A, 2015, V1_0", "version": "efua2015-cohort-v1.0.0", "source_frame_ref": "ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-v1", "original_source_frame_ref": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "crosswalk_method": "Inherited WGS84 destination point transformed to ESRI:54009 and uniquely intersected with original source polygon; original country labels retained. OECD IDs/overlap diagnostics are separate, non-equivalence crosswalks.", "crosswalk": { "city_slug": "montreal", "estimated_area_id": 3485, "oecd_crosswalk": [ { "oecd_id": "CAN02F", "oecd_name": "Montreal", "status": "spatial-overlap-diagnostic-only", "boundary_vintage": null, "estimated_area_km2": 5027, "oecd_projected_area_km2": 12139.516258898275, "intersection_km2": 4129.1309247812505, "fraction_of_estimated_area_in_oecd": 0.8213906753095784, "fraction_of_oecd_area_in_estimated": 0.3401396593340031, "intersection_over_union": 0.3167146493688339, "oecd_reprojected_validity_adapter_applied": false, "notice": "Approximate area diagnostic after reprojection to common equal-area CRS; not boundary equivalence, current boundary vintage, population coverage or outcome conversion weights." } ], "oecd_status": "matched-different-edition", "reference_point": { "longitude": -73.5673, "latitude": 45.5017, "provenance": "Inherited destination registry: spatial lookup aid only; not evidence of a scored boundary." }, "destination_country_iso3": "CAN", "source_country_iso3": "CAN", "source_country_name": "Canada" }, "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "scoring_approved": true, "policy_decision_ref": "civometra-pm25-initial-research-admission-2026-10-26", "analytical_area_id": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a:3485", "shared_with": [], "source_record_ref": "GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0; eFUA_ID=3485; fid=846", "exact_geometry": { "archive_file": "efua-2015-cohort-exact.gpkg", "archive_sha256": "12ae143651080d64458da3ce2603bb58ee4cd3d9357e624a383128f41f0bebc9", "table": "GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0", "source_fid": 846, "source_geometry_wkb_sha256": "7869b15ce38edcdd1371798d80ce8cb42ea3aaa9656d9e7c5de567e8abda35a6", "source_geometry_blob_sha256": "f35e8d2ceb9a97ca10f5938109de46e9e4f930b1bf7a8162363ca80636a997bc", "crs": "ESRI:54009", "simplified": false, "reprojected": false, "clipped": false }, "extraction_geometry": { "archive_file": "efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter.gpkg", "archive_sha256": "514cc4071511d149ff4f37b533404954e5e785913cbafce1294428848bc0a9fb", "table": "GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0", "record_id": 3485, "geometry_wkb_sha256": "0ea88ed4bf7a5cce92ea50e12c91195ea3995291013b0347963045cf208cfe55", "adapter": "make-valid-linework-v1", "source_1km_mask_sha256": "953eeb268f771933f1f9ee1f072383aad1a0ac6dd9c299e1197a9bee3e92c4eb" }, "geometry_review": { "completed": true, "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "original_valid": false, "validity_adapter_applied": true, "native_area_and_grid_footprint_unchanged": true }, "interpretation": "Fixed 2015 globally estimated functional area. Current-year annual exposure may be extracted within this historical analytical footprint using separately reviewed population and concentration grids. This is not a claim about observed/current commuting flows or present-day city-proper boundaries.", "approved_protocol_refs": [ "civometra.pm25.measurement@1.0.0" ], "boundary_label": "2015 estimated functional urban area: Montreal (3485)", "review_scope": "Reviewed research geography for this PM protocol only; not an observed current commuting zone or blanket approval for other indicators.", "geography_ref": "efua-2015-v1-0:montreal", "geography_type_required": "harmonized-urban-area", "notice": "Scoped protocol permissions can repeat one unchanged physical boundary. Counts distinguish reviewed entries from unique destinations and analytical areas. Frozen 2015 estimated areas are not current observed commuting zones or 2025 urban centres.", "registry_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/scoring-geographies.json", "source_frames": [ { "id": "ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-v1", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-514cc4071511.gpkg", "sha256": "514cc4071511d149ff4f37b533404954e5e785913cbafce1294428848bc0a9fb", "source_urls": [ "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/GHSL/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A/V1-0/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0.zip", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "copyright_notice_sha256": "f20723519a580fb35b3499870f0b1baea54f483195105416e547f0014f1610d2", "attribution": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre, developed in collaboration with OECD. GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement.", "original_source_frame_ref": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "original_source_archive_sha256": "d54de59b82b8c4d64a710f90ccd554975a3be92233f14115ac154094c3549979", "adaptation": "Exact selected original features, with documented make_valid linework decomposition only where invalid. No coordinate, boundary-linework, area or 1 km cell-footprint change; source originals separately retained.", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-514cc4071511.gpkg", "source_ref": "source-0a2031537592e1ba" }, { "id": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/ghs-fua-2015-r2019a-d54de59b82b8.zip", "sha256": "d54de59b82b8c4d64a710f90ccd554975a3be92233f14115ac154094c3549979", "source_urls": [ "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/GHSL/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A/V1-0/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0.zip", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "copyright_notice_sha256": "f20723519a580fb35b3499870f0b1baea54f483195105416e547f0014f1610d2", "attribution": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre, developed in collaboration with OECD. GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement.", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/ghs-fua-2015-r2019a-d54de59b82b8.zip", "source_ref": "source-0a2031537592e1ba" } ] }, "scoring_boundaries": [ { "id": "efua-2015-v1-0:montreal", "city_slug": "montreal", "status": "reviewed", "scope": "functional-urban-area", "boundary_kind": "estimated-functional-urban-area", "authority": "European Commission Joint Research Centre, in collaboration with OECD", "source_geography_id": "3485", "source_name": "Montreal", "boundary_vintage": "2015", "geography_edition": "GHS-FUA R2019A, 2015, V1_0", "version": "efua2015-cohort-v1.0.0", "source_frame_ref": "ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-v1", "original_source_frame_ref": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "crosswalk_method": "Inherited WGS84 destination point transformed to ESRI:54009 and uniquely intersected with original source polygon; original country labels retained. 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GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement.", "original_source_frame_ref": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "original_source_archive_sha256": "d54de59b82b8c4d64a710f90ccd554975a3be92233f14115ac154094c3549979", "adaptation": "Exact selected original features, with documented make_valid linework decomposition only where invalid. 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GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement.", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/ghs-fua-2015-r2019a-d54de59b82b8.zip", "source_ref": "source-0a2031537592e1ba" } ] }, { "id": "statcan-cma2021-v1-0:montreal", "city_slug": "montreal", "status": "reviewed", "scope": "functional-urban-area", "boundary_kind": "official-census-metropolitan-area", "authority": "Statistics Canada", "source_geography_id": "462", "source_name": "Montréal", "source_cmap_uid": "24462", "source_dguid": "2021S050524462", "source_dguid_as_published": "2021S050524462", "source_dguid_scope": "Provincial CMA part; complete official layer proves exactly one part for this CMAUID.", "boundary_vintage": "2021-01-01", "geography_edition": "2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, second edition", "version": "statcan-cma2021-v1.0.0", "source_frame_ref": "statcan-cma2021-462-native", "coordinate_source_frame_ref": "statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84", "crosswalk_method": "Exact source CMA name and 2021-definition note in the original CMHC tables, original CMAUID/CMAPUID/DGUID, complete 156-part layer and independent strict destination-point intersection with original agency WGS84 geometry.", "crosswalk": { "city_slug": "montreal", "source_cma_uid": "462", "source_cmap_uid": "24462", "source_dguid": "2021S050524462", "reference_point": { "latitude": 45.5017, "longitude": -73.5673, "role": "Inherited destination reference point used only for spatial matching; not a scored boundary." }, "complete_layer_proof": { "whole_layer_records": 156, "independent_objectid_records": 156, "attribute_objectids_equal_complete_id_set": true, "selected_cma_part_count": 1, "attribute_frame_ref": "rental-statcan-cma2021-all-identities", "attribute_archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-all-identities-0ee709dfc333.json", "attribute_archive_sha256": "0ee709dfc333a80ca2048a93ff6582730b7f262a8c4f68162ba7422eabb01bc3", "complete_objectid_frame_ref": "rental-statcan-cma2021-layer-objectids", "complete_objectid_archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-layer-objectids-ddc46b5729ff.json", "complete_objectid_archive_sha256": "ddc46b5729ff9dca9fbb29208db8c3e4a57b511f107a9fb7100cf6909327be8b" } }, "functional_definition": "Census Metropolitan Area 2021, Digital Boundary Files (DBF).\nA census metropolitan area (CMA) or a census agglomeration (CA) is formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centred on a population centre (known as the core). A CMA must have a total population of at least 100,000, based on data from the current Census of Population Program, of which 50,000 or more must live in the core based on adjusted data from the previous Census of Population Program. A CA must have a core population of at least 10,000 also based on data from the previous Census of Population Program. To be included in the CMA or CA, other adjacent municipalities must have a high degree of integration with the core, as measured by commuting flows derived from data on place of work from the previous Census Program. If the population of the core of a CA falls below 10,000, the CA is retired from the next census. However, once an area becomes a CMA, it is retained as a CMA even if its total population declines below 100,000 or the population of its core falls below 50,000. All areas inside the CMA or CA that are not population centres are rural areas. When a CA has a core of at least 50,000, based on data from the previous Census of Population, it is subdivided into census tracts. Census tracts are maintained for the CA even if the population of the core subsequently falls below 50,000. All CMAs are subdivided into census tracts.", "analytical_area_id": "statcan-cma2021:462", "boundary_label": "2021 official census metropolitan area: Montréal (CMAUID 462)", "shared_with": [], "approved_protocol_refs": [ "civometra.rental-vacancy.measurement@1.0.0" ], "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "scoring_approved": true, "policy_decision_ref": "civometra-rental-vacancy-2025-initial-research-v1", "review_scope": "Direct publisher-reported CMA2021 rental aggregate, reviewed only for this rental protocol. Separate from PM2015; no OECD geometric equivalence, source-point proxy or CSD aggregation is claimed.", "geography_ref": "statcan-cma2021-v1-0:montreal", "geography_type_required": "harmonized-urban-area", "notice": "Scoped protocol permissions can repeat one unchanged physical boundary. Counts distinguish reviewed entries from unique destinations and analytical areas. Frozen 2015 estimated areas are not current observed commuting zones or 2025 urban centres.", "registry_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/scoring-geographies.json", "source_frames": [ { "id": "statcan-cma2021-462-native", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-native-5a0393ee69c1.json", "sha256": "5a0393ee69c18ad2db94b833830ec1cdeb58fe45f9a499b8bd401b719dac1222", "source_urls": [ "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6/query?where=CMAUID%3D%27462%27&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=true&f=json", "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6" ], "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence", "licence_url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "Statistics Canada, 2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, reference date 1 January 2021; original native EPSG:3347 polygon. No endorsement.", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T21:30:41.285876+00:00", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-native-5a0393ee69c1.json", "source_ref": "source-6584937305233b29" }, { "id": "statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84-82c0dffde26a.json", "sha256": "82c0dffde26a5d30cf96899b47f22d824cba943b2ccd36e2719f245cf1fcc1f2", "source_urls": [ "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6/query?where=CMAUID%3D%27462%27&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=true&f=json&outSR=4326", "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6" ], "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence", "licence_url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "Statistics Canada, 2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, original agency outSR=4326 polygon; no local simplification or repair. No endorsement.", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T21:52:10.932439+00:00", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84-82c0dffde26a.json", "source_ref": "source-a64767ed678eeff3" } ] }, { "id": "efua-2015-heat-v1-0:montreal", "city_slug": "montreal", "status": "reviewed", "scope": "functional-urban-area", "boundary_kind": "estimated-functional-urban-area", "authority": "European Commission Joint Research Centre, in collaboration with OECD", "source_geography_id": "3485", "source_name": "Montreal", "boundary_vintage": "2015", "geography_edition": "GHS-FUA R2019A, 2015, V1_0", "version": "efua2015-cohort-v1.0.0", "source_frame_ref": "ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-v1", "original_source_frame_ref": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "crosswalk_method": "Inherited WGS84 destination point transformed to ESRI:54009 and uniquely intersected with original source polygon; original country labels retained. OECD IDs/overlap diagnostics are separate, non-equivalence crosswalks.", "crosswalk": { "city_slug": "montreal", "estimated_area_id": 3485, "oecd_crosswalk": [ { "oecd_id": "CAN02F", "oecd_name": "Montreal", "status": "spatial-overlap-diagnostic-only", "boundary_vintage": null, "estimated_area_km2": 5027, "oecd_projected_area_km2": 12139.516258898275, "intersection_km2": 4129.1309247812505, "fraction_of_estimated_area_in_oecd": 0.8213906753095784, "fraction_of_oecd_area_in_estimated": 0.3401396593340031, "intersection_over_union": 0.3167146493688339, "oecd_reprojected_validity_adapter_applied": false, "notice": "Approximate area diagnostic after reprojection to common equal-area CRS; not boundary equivalence, current boundary vintage, population coverage or outcome conversion weights." } ], "oecd_status": "matched-different-edition", "reference_point": { "longitude": -73.5673, "latitude": 45.5017, "provenance": "Inherited destination registry: spatial lookup aid only; not evidence of a scored boundary." }, "destination_country_iso3": "CAN", "source_country_iso3": "CAN", "source_country_name": "Canada" }, "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "scoring_approved": true, "policy_decision_ref": "civometra.heat2025.complete-source-and-scoped-review@1.0.0", "analytical_area_id": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a:3485", "shared_with": [], "source_record_ref": "GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0; eFUA_ID=3485; fid=846", "exact_geometry": { "archive_file": "efua-2015-cohort-exact.gpkg", "archive_sha256": "12ae143651080d64458da3ce2603bb58ee4cd3d9357e624a383128f41f0bebc9", "table": "GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0", "source_fid": 846, "source_geometry_wkb_sha256": "7869b15ce38edcdd1371798d80ce8cb42ea3aaa9656d9e7c5de567e8abda35a6", "source_geometry_blob_sha256": "f35e8d2ceb9a97ca10f5938109de46e9e4f930b1bf7a8162363ca80636a997bc", "crs": "ESRI:54009", "simplified": false, "reprojected": false, "clipped": false }, "extraction_geometry": { "archive_file": "efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter.gpkg", "archive_sha256": "514cc4071511d149ff4f37b533404954e5e785913cbafce1294428848bc0a9fb", "table": "GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0", "record_id": 3485, "geometry_wkb_sha256": "0ea88ed4bf7a5cce92ea50e12c91195ea3995291013b0347963045cf208cfe55", "adapter": "make-valid-linework-v1", "source_1km_mask_sha256": "953eeb268f771933f1f9ee1f072383aad1a0ac6dd9c299e1197a9bee3e92c4eb" }, "geometry_review": { "completed": true, "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "original_valid": false, "validity_adapter_applied": true, "native_area_and_grid_footprint_unchanged": true }, "interpretation": "Fixed 2015 globally estimated functional area. Current-year annual exposure may be extracted within this historical analytical footprint using separately reviewed population and concentration grids. This is not a claim about observed/current commuting flows or present-day city-proper boundaries.", "approved_protocol_refs": [ "civometra.heat-exposure.measurement@1.0.0" ], "boundary_label": "2015 estimated functional urban area: Montreal (3485)", "review_scope": "Same exact 2015 source geometry, separately reviewed for the frozen heat protocol only. Historical estimated area; not an observed current commuting zone or blanket approval.", "derived_from_geography_ref": "efua-2015-v1-0:montreal", "geography_ref": "efua-2015-heat-v1-0:montreal", "geography_type_required": "harmonized-urban-area", "notice": "Scoped protocol permissions can repeat one unchanged physical boundary. Counts distinguish reviewed entries from unique destinations and analytical areas. Frozen 2015 estimated areas are not current observed commuting zones or 2025 urban centres.", "registry_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/scoring-geographies.json", "source_frames": [ { "id": "ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-v1", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-514cc4071511.gpkg", "sha256": "514cc4071511d149ff4f37b533404954e5e785913cbafce1294428848bc0a9fb", "source_urls": [ "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/GHSL/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A/V1-0/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0.zip", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "copyright_notice_sha256": "f20723519a580fb35b3499870f0b1baea54f483195105416e547f0014f1610d2", "attribution": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre, developed in collaboration with OECD. GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement.", "original_source_frame_ref": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "original_source_archive_sha256": "d54de59b82b8c4d64a710f90ccd554975a3be92233f14115ac154094c3549979", "adaptation": "Exact selected original features, with documented make_valid linework decomposition only where invalid. No coordinate, boundary-linework, area or 1 km cell-footprint change; source originals separately retained.", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-514cc4071511.gpkg", "source_ref": "source-0a2031537592e1ba" }, { "id": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/ghs-fua-2015-r2019a-d54de59b82b8.zip", "sha256": "d54de59b82b8c4d64a710f90ccd554975a3be92233f14115ac154094c3549979", "source_urls": [ "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/GHSL/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A/V1-0/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0.zip", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "copyright_notice_sha256": "f20723519a580fb35b3499870f0b1baea54f483195105416e547f0014f1610d2", "attribution": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre, developed in collaboration with OECD. GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement.", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/ghs-fua-2015-r2019a-d54de59b82b8.zip", "source_ref": "source-0a2031537592e1ba" } ] }, { "id": "statcan-cma2021-housing-v1-0:montreal", "city_slug": "montreal", "status": "reviewed", "scope": "functional-urban-area", "boundary_kind": "official-census-metropolitan-area", "authority": "Statistics Canada", "source_geography_id": "462", "source_name": "Montréal", "source_cmap_uid": "24462", "source_dguid": "2021S050524462", "source_dguid_as_published": "2021S050524462", "source_dguid_scope": "Provincial CMA part; complete official layer proves exactly one part for this CMAUID.", "boundary_vintage": "2021-01-01", "geography_edition": "2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, second edition", "version": "statcan-cma2021-housing-v1.0.0", "source_frame_ref": "statcan-cma2021-462-native", "coordinate_source_frame_ref": "statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84", "crosswalk_method": "Native CMHC December 2025 workbook Notes!A2 explicitly assigns SGC2021 Census geography from January 2023. The annual/monthly Statistics Canada completion CSVs retain literal 2011-prefixed national-CMA DGUIDs; their cause is not asserted and they are never rewritten. The population table explicitly uses national CMA2021 DGUIDs. Original CMA classification codes, names, native workbook totals/notes, the complete 156-feature CMA/CA provincial-part source inventory (42 CMA B, 105 CA D, 9 tracted CA K features), and exact agency polygons bind this reviewed source adapter. All four selected units are type B CMAs, each with one provincial part. No equivalence with PM/heat estimated-FUA2015 is claimed.", "crosswalk": { "city_slug": "montreal", "source_cma_uid": "462", "source_cmap_uid": "24462", "source_dguid": "2021S050524462", "reference_point": { "latitude": 45.5017, "longitude": -73.5673, "role": "Inherited destination reference point used only for spatial matching; not a scored boundary." }, "complete_layer_proof": { "whole_layer_records": 156, "independent_objectid_records": 156, "attribute_objectids_equal_complete_id_set": true, "selected_cma_part_count": 1, "attribute_frame_ref": "rental-statcan-cma2021-all-identities", "attribute_archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-all-identities-0ee709dfc333.json", "attribute_archive_sha256": "0ee709dfc333a80ca2048a93ff6582730b7f262a8c4f68162ba7422eabb01bc3", "complete_objectid_frame_ref": "rental-statcan-cma2021-layer-objectids", "complete_objectid_archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-layer-objectids-ddc46b5729ff.json", "complete_objectid_archive_sha256": "ddc46b5729ff9dca9fbb29208db8c3e4a57b511f107a9fb7100cf6909327be8b", "inventory_scope": "Complete original 156-feature CMA/CA provincial-part source inventory; 42 type B CMA, 105 type D CA, 9 type K tracted CA features.", "selected_cma_type": "B" }, "housing_source_adapter": { "cmhc_notes": { "source_frame_ref": "housing-2025-cmhc-geography", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/housing-2025-cmhc-geography-5ca133946244.xlsx", "sha256": "5ca133946244c91dbc0c3119d266dc18a0672795686ea5c5eb18bec1fc739171", "sheet": "Notes", "cell": "A2" }, "completion_dguid_as_published": "2011S0503462", "population_dguid_as_published": "2021S0503462", "notice": "Native CMHC December 2025 workbook Notes!A2 explicitly assigns SGC2021 Census geography from January 2023. The annual/monthly Statistics Canada completion CSVs retain literal 2011-prefixed national-CMA DGUIDs; their cause is not asserted and they are never rewritten. The population table explicitly uses national CMA2021 DGUIDs. Original CMA classification codes, names, native workbook totals/notes, the complete 156-feature CMA/CA provincial-part source inventory (42 CMA B, 105 CA D, 9 tracted CA K features), and exact agency polygons bind this reviewed source adapter. All four selected units are type B CMAs, each with one provincial part. No equivalence with PM/heat estimated-FUA2015 is claimed." } }, "functional_definition": "Census Metropolitan Area 2021, Digital Boundary Files (DBF).\nA census metropolitan area (CMA) or a census agglomeration (CA) is formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centred on a population centre (known as the core). A CMA must have a total population of at least 100,000, based on data from the current Census of Population Program, of which 50,000 or more must live in the core based on adjusted data from the previous Census of Population Program. A CA must have a core population of at least 10,000 also based on data from the previous Census of Population Program. To be included in the CMA or CA, other adjacent municipalities must have a high degree of integration with the core, as measured by commuting flows derived from data on place of work from the previous Census Program. If the population of the core of a CA falls below 10,000, the CA is retired from the next census. However, once an area becomes a CMA, it is retained as a CMA even if its total population declines below 100,000 or the population of its core falls below 50,000. All areas inside the CMA or CA that are not population centres are rural areas. When a CA has a core of at least 50,000, based on data from the previous Census of Population, it is subdivided into census tracts. Census tracts are maintained for the CA even if the population of the core subsequently falls below 50,000. All CMAs are subdivided into census tracts.", "analytical_area_id": "statcan-cma2021:462", "boundary_label": "2021 official census metropolitan area: Montréal (CMAUID 462)", "shared_with": [], "approved_protocol_refs": [ "civometra.housing-supply.measurement@1.0.0" ], "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "scoring_approved": true, "policy_decision_ref": "civometra-housing-supply-2025-initial-research-v1", "review_scope": "Direct official calendar 2025 CMHC gross completions and July 1 population in publisher CMA2021 geography, approved only for the housing-supply protocol. No estimated-FUA2015 or OECD geometric equivalence.", "geography_ref": "statcan-cma2021-housing-v1-0:montreal", "geography_type_required": "harmonized-urban-area", "notice": "Scoped protocol permissions can repeat one unchanged physical boundary. Counts distinguish reviewed entries from unique destinations and analytical areas. 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No endorsement.", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T21:52:10.932439+00:00", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84-82c0dffde26a.json", "source_ref": "source-a64767ed678eeff3" } ] } ], "notice": "Per-indicator admission checks are research metadata, not an official results release. Contextual observations remain separate. Comparable definitions, documented boundaries and editorial quarterly review are required before publication." }, "index_history": { "slug": "montreal", "name": "Montreal", "evaluated_at": "2026-10-27", "status": "research", "official_results_released": false, "metrics": [ { "id": "rent-burden", "label": "Median rent / disposable household income", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "residual-income", "label": "Income remaining after housing and essentials", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "essentials-burden", "label": "Essentials / disposable household income", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "rental-vacancy", "label": "Purpose-built rental vacancy", "status": "accepted", "selected_history_id": "input-4729a2d9ad49f6baa9a4402dd5c5a331fd5e12bedf283b504cf992549f495728", "selected_evidence_id": "rental-vacancy-2025-cma2021-montreal", "submitted_rows": 1, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [ { "id": "input-4729a2d9ad49f6baa9a4402dd5c5a331fd5e12bedf283b504cf992549f495728", "identity": { "evidence_id": "rental-vacancy-2025-cma2021-montreal", "observation_sha256": "311abe45bc3fbd05bcaca31dabfda1d4c9963972f4481a379e49aa7f035137fb", "evidence_review_sha256": "466351b858d9ccf24414484a25e8f20fb4e0e0f155290c5fe82ce66247d0d28c", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "protocol_ref": "civometra.rental-vacancy.measurement@1.0.0", "protocol_sha256": "09c03b5e31b033cee3906e246b5f7d901152dd1468f429343b3b41915e96fb83", "protocol_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "geography_ref": "statcan-cma2021-v1-0:montreal", "geography_sha256": "5a53cce77e8899f6e83a9406c1749c9746d103aa65acc60bbced905916f5eb10", "geography_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "source_frame_ref": "cmhc-rms-2025-montreal", "source_frame_registry_sha256": "40efe6ee96a28614f1a1b07e69be0a7f508c4b0a1be4ab13f3dac90f1f6f1424", "source_frame": { "id": "cmhc-rms-2025-montreal", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/cmhc-rms-2025-montreal-ebd37ffbcea9.xlsx", "sha256": "ebd37ffbcea94c2432683224f3f1cab0a36456d3fe7fd8501c6f5882b2998d8d", "source_urls": [ "https://assets.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/sites/cmhc/professional/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data-tables/rental-market/rental-market-report-data-tables/2025/rmr-montreal-2025-en.xlsx?rev=1dcc0f0e-5c82-4c31-b8ea-51911650d27b", "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/market-reports/rental-market-reports-major-centres", "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-research/surveys/methods/methodology-rental-market-survey" ], "licence": "CMHC Licence Agreement for the Use of Data", "licence_url": "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T21:27:14.801745+00:00", "attribution": "Source: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), Rental Market Survey Data Tables, October 2025. This information is reproduced and distributed on an “as is” basis with the permission of CMHC.", "derived_notice": "Adapted from Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Rental Market Survey Data Tables, October 2025. This does not constitute an endorsement by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation of this product.", "downstream_conditions_url": "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data" }, "geography_source_frames": [ { "id": "statcan-cma2021-462-native", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-native-5a0393ee69c1.json", "sha256": "5a0393ee69c18ad2db94b833830ec1cdeb58fe45f9a499b8bd401b719dac1222", "source_urls": [ "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6/query?where=CMAUID%3D%27462%27&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=true&f=json", "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6" ], "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence", "licence_url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T21:30:41.285876+00:00", "attribution": "Statistics Canada, 2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, reference date 1 January 2021; original native EPSG:3347 polygon. No endorsement." }, { "id": "statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84-82c0dffde26a.json", "sha256": "82c0dffde26a5d30cf96899b47f22d824cba943b2ccd36e2719f245cf1fcc1f2", "source_urls": [ "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6/query?where=CMAUID%3D%27462%27&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=true&f=json&outSR=4326", "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6" ], "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence", "licence_url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T21:52:10.932439+00:00", "attribution": "Statistics Canada, 2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, original agency outSR=4326 polygon; no local simplification or repair. No endorsement." } ] }, "observation": { "city_slug": "montreal", "metric": "rental-vacancy", "value": 2.9, "unit": "%", "period_start": "2025-10-01", "period_end": "2025-10-31", "source_url": "https://assets.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/sites/cmhc/professional/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data-tables/rental-market/rental-market-report-data-tables/2025/rmr-montreal-2025-en.xlsx?rev=1dcc0f0e-5c82-4c31-b8ea-51911650d27b", "geography_type": "harmonized-urban-area", "geography_ref": "statcan-cma2021-v1-0:montreal", "protocol_ref": "civometra.rental-vacancy.measurement@1.0.0", "source_frame_ref": "cmhc-rms-2025-montreal", "source_frame_url": "/data/source-frames/cmhc-rms-2025-montreal-ebd37ffbcea9.xlsx", "source_frame_sha256": "ebd37ffbcea94c2432683224f3f1cab0a36456d3fe7fd8501c6f5882b2998d8d", "source_record_ref": "Table 3.1.1 X55 (Oct-25, Total), Y55 (quality); Table 3.1.3 K55 (Oct-25, Total universe); Montréal CMA; 2021 census geographic definitions.", "universe": "Completed, privately initiated purpose-built long-term rental apartment and row/townhouse units in structures/projects with at least three rental units, on the market for at least three months; all bedroom types combined. Social/affordable housing, owner-occupied units and condominium/secondary rental stock are excluded. Vacant units are physically unoccupied and immediately rentable at the survey.", "denominator": 668834, "publisher": "Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation", "source_label": "Official combined private apartment-and-row rental vacancy", "geography": "2021 official census metropolitan area: Montréal (CMAUID 462)", "definition_version": "1.0.0", "analytical_area_id": "statcan-cma2021:462", "boundary_label": "2021 official census metropolitan area: Montréal (CMAUID 462)", "boundary_reference_year": 2021, "calculation_method": "Use the official published weighted combined apartment-and-row vacancy ratio at its original 0.1 percentage-point precision, paired with the publisher-reported qualifying rental-universe unit count. This is the original published estimate, not a recalculation from microdata. The exact weighted vacant-unit numerator is not published and remains null; never infer an observed vacant count by multiplying the rounded rate by the universe.", "uncertainty": { "status": "quality-category-reported-numeric-uncertainty-not-published", "note": "CMHC reports quality a (Excellent); exact standard error, CV, sample fraction and confidence interval are not published for this total. The average-rent CV thresholds do not apply to vacancy proportions.", "standard_error": null, "confidence_interval": null, "coefficient_of_variation": null }, "scope_notice": "Official October 2025 weighted vacancy estimate for private apartment and row rental units combined in the exact 2021 official census metropolitan area: Montréal (CMAUID 462). One-decimal published precision; not apartment-only, all-rental-stock, availability or a 2026 market reading. The exact survey day and vacant-unit numerator are unknown. This source-specific CMA2021 binding is separate from the PM2015 area; no CMHC/Statistics Canada endorsement.", "source_attribution": [ { "publisher": "Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation", "title": "Rental Market Survey Data Tables, October 2025; combined private apartment and row units", "url": "https://assets.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/sites/cmhc/professional/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data-tables/rental-market/rental-market-report-data-tables/2025/rmr-montreal-2025-en.xlsx?rev=1dcc0f0e-5c82-4c31-b8ea-51911650d27b", "licence": "CMHC Licence Agreement for the Use of Data" }, { "publisher": "Statistics Canada", "title": "2021 Census Digital Boundary Files; original CMA2021 identities and polygons", "url": "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6", "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence" } ], "temporal_basis": { "precision": "month", "source_period": "2025-10", "source_reference_window": "First two weeks of October; results reflect market conditions at that time. An exact single reference day is not reported.", "exact_reference_date": null, "calendar_period_start": "2025-10-01", "calendar_period_end": "2025-10-31", "age_reference_date": "2025-10-01", "age_reference_meaning": "Conservative first possible day of the reported survey month for the unchanged 730-day index age limit; this is an age anchor, not an observed survey date." }, "derivation": { "kind": "published-survey-rate", "published_rate": 2.9, "published_precision_percentage_points": 0.1, "reported_universe_units": 668834, "vacant_unit_estimate": null, "numerator_status": "Exact weighted vacant-unit numerator is not published; null, not inferred from a rounded rate.", "calculation": "Use the official published weighted combined apartment-and-row vacancy ratio at its original 0.1 percentage-point precision, paired with the publisher-reported qualifying rental-universe unit count. This is the original published estimate, not a recalculation from microdata. The exact weighted vacant-unit numerator is not published and remains null; never infer an observed vacant count by multiplying the rounded rate by the universe." }, "quality_flags": [ { "code": "a", "label": "Excellent", "meaning": "Publisher reliability category for this vacancy proportion; based on CV, sampling fraction and universe size, not an exact standard error or confidence interval." } ], "licence": { "name": "CMHC Licence Agreement for the Use of Data", "url": "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data", "acknowledgement": "Source: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), Rental Market Survey Data Tables, October 2025. This information is reproduced and distributed on an “as is” basis with the permission of CMHC.", "derived_notice": "Adapted from Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Rental Market Survey Data Tables, October 2025. This does not constitute an endorsement by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation of this product.", "downstream_conditions_url": "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data" }, "reviewed": true, "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "evidence_id": "rental-vacancy-2025-cma2021-montreal", "source_ref": "source-5b1de44ca8207bb2", "source_frame_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/cmhc-rms-2025-montreal-ebd37ffbcea9.xlsx", "attribution_source_refs": [ "source-5b1de44ca8207bb2", "source-e2f3edd0cd9c4fe3" ] }, "source_age": { "reference_date": "2025-10-01", "reference_kind": "earliest-day-of-source-month", "maximum_age_days": 730, "age_days": 391, "last_age_eligible_date": "2027-10-01", "first_age_rejected_date": "2027-10-02", "notice": "These UTC dates describe the unchanged age gate only; source, identity, review and selection checks still apply." }, "duplicate_submissions": 1, "state": "selected", "selected": true, "age_eligible": true, "reasons": [] } ], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "price-income", "label": "Median home price / household income", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "energy-burden", "label": "Household energy / disposable income", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "transit-access", "label": "Residents within 500m of frequent public transit", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "commute", "label": "Median one-way commute", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "broadband", "label": "Median fixed download speed", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "road-deaths", "label": "Traffic deaths per 100,000 residents", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "daily-access", "label": "Residents within a 15-minute walk of everyday services", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "service-reliability", "label": "Reliable water and electricity access", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "homicide", "label": "Intentional homicide rate", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "unmet-healthcare", "label": "Residents with unmet medical needs", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "avoidable-mortality", "label": "Age-standardized avoidable mortality", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "life-expectancy", "label": "Urban-area life expectancy at birth", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "school-access", "label": "Children with access to a school place", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "social-support", "label": "Residents reporting someone to rely on", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "pm25", "label": "Population-weighted annual PM2.5", "status": "accepted", "selected_history_id": "input-fde039b3df94846aa518bcf93ebdf0802179ac87495a6d06ca6f74564462a058", "selected_evidence_id": 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V. (2024). Enhancing Global Estimation of Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations by Including Geophysical a Priori Information in Deep Learning. ACS ES&T Air. doi:10.1021/acsestair.3c00054. SatPM V6.GL.03, annual 2024; accessed 26 October 2026. Population weighting and extraction by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; JRC population and boundary sources credited separately." }, "geography_source_frames": [ { "id": "ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-v1", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-514cc4071511.gpkg", "sha256": "514cc4071511d149ff4f37b533404954e5e785913cbafce1294428848bc0a9fb", "source_urls": [ "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/GHSL/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A/V1-0/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0.zip", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre, developed in collaboration with OECD. GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement." }, { "id": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/ghs-fua-2015-r2019a-d54de59b82b8.zip", "sha256": "d54de59b82b8c4d64a710f90ccd554975a3be92233f14115ac154094c3549979", "source_urls": [ "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/GHSL/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A/V1-0/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0.zip", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre, developed in collaboration with OECD. GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement." } ] }, "observation": { "city_slug": "montreal", "metric": "pm25", "value": 8.236004807242018, "unit": "micrograms/m3", "period_start": "2024-01-01", "period_end": "2024-12-31", "source_url": "https://www.satpm.org/v6-gl-03", "geography_type": "harmonized-urban-area", "geography_ref": "efua-2015-v1-0:montreal", "protocol_ref": "civometra.pm25.measurement@1.0.0", "source_frame_ref": "pm25-2024-efua-3485", "source_frame_url": "/data/source-frames/pm25-2024-efua-3485.npz", "source_frame_sha256": "0723d4a7a188777ff3399b26c6c37876297ebff0ac3ce597c5532355472d684a", "source_record_ref": "pm25-2024-efua-3485.npz; population_2020 and pm_fine arrays; source estimated area 3485", "universe": "Residents modelled in the GHS-POP R2023A 2020 count grid inside the frozen 2015 JRC/OECD estimated functional urban area; annual ambient outdoor concentration represented at residential grid cells, with source coverage explicitly reported.", "denominator": 4184064.7379515534, "publisher": "BestCityToLive Research Desk / AINT.app; derived from SatPM and European Commission/JRC", "source_label": "Population-weighted annual PM2.5: reviewed research input", "geography": "2015 estimated functional urban area: Montreal (3485)", "definition_version": "1.0.0", "analytical_area_id": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a:3485", "boundary_label": "2015 estimated functional urban area: Montreal (3485)", "boundary_reference_year": 2015, "population_reference_year": 2020, "concentration_year": 2024, "source_model": { "name": "SatPM CNNPM25", "version": "V6.GL.03", "source_url": "https://satpmdata.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/V6GL03/CNNPM25/Annual/GL/V6GL03.CNNPM25.GL.202401-202412.nc", "sha256": "9f1059f6a7d675a53f987e8b6ccc6981c3c29a867cc3a2324043a4eff2c19928" }, "calculation_method": "sum(known 2020 population_cell * valid nearest native 0.01-degree annual 2024 PM2.5 at that population-cell centre) / sum(covered known 2020 population_cell). The reviewed 2015 source boundaries align exactly with whole 1 km population cells; no fractional edge allocation is needed. Concentration is represented as constant within each population cell. Missing values are never zero; known zero is retained.", "coverage": { "population_grid_area_coverage": 1, "pm_population_coverage": 1, "cell_count": 5027, "population_grid_valid_cells": 5027, "population_grid_missing_cells": 0, "population_grid_zero_cells": 740, "total_known_modelled_population": 4184064.7379515534, "pm_covered_population": 4184064.7379515534, "weighted_concentration_sum": 34459977.29558081, "population_in_zero_pm_cells": 0 }, "sensitivity": { "bilinear_estimate": 8.231804578582484, "bilinear_population_coverage": 1, "coarse_estimate": 8.085414587564337, "coarse_population_coverage": 1, "notice": "Method-sampling diagnostics with their own coverage; not statistical uncertainty or confidence intervals. Neither fills missing primary values." }, "uncertainty": { "status": "not-reported-for-this-derived-area", "note": "No city-specific statistical interval supplied by this global product; sampling sensitivity is not a confidence interval." }, "scope_notice": "Annual 2024 modelled ambient PM2.5 weighted by 2020 modelled population in the fixed 2015 estimated area Montreal (source ID 3485). Historical modelled geography; source country labels and area identities are retained.", "source_attribution": [ { "publisher": "Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group / Washington University in St. Louis / SatPM", "title": "Shen, S., Li, C., van Donkelaar, A., Jacobs, N., Wang, C., and Martin, R. V. (2024). Enhancing Global Estimation of Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations by Including Geophysical a Priori Information in Deep Learning. ACS ES&T Air. doi:10.1021/acsestair.3c00054. SatPM V6.GL.03, annual 2024; accessed 26 October 2026.", "url": "https://www.satpm.org/v6-gl-03", "licence": "CC BY 4.0" }, { "publisher": "European Commission Joint Research Centre", "title": "GHS-POP R2023A V1-0, 2020 modelled residential-population counts", "url": "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe", "licence": "CC BY 4.0" }, { "publisher": "European Commission Joint Research Centre, in collaboration with OECD", "title": "GHS-FUA R2019A V1_0, estimated functional urban areas, 2015", "url": "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95", "licence": "CC BY 4.0" } ], "reviewed": true, "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "evidence_id": "pm25-2024-efua2015-montreal", "source_ref": "source-e473b5267fc79730", "source_frame_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/pm25-2024-efua-3485.npz", "attribution_source_refs": [ "source-e473b5267fc79730", "source-f3189a9194a27e72", "source-ef5611a3b029db1b" ] }, "source_age": { "reference_date": "2024-12-31", "reference_kind": "period-end", "maximum_age_days": 730, "age_days": 665, "last_age_eligible_date": "2026-12-31", "first_age_rejected_date": "2027-01-01", "notice": "These UTC dates describe the unchanged age gate only; source, identity, review and selection checks still apply." }, "duplicate_submissions": 1, "state": "selected", "selected": true, "age_eligible": true, "reasons": [] } ], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "green-access", "label": "Residents within 300m of public green space", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "heat-exposure", "label": "Annual dangerous heat exposure", "status": "accepted", "selected_history_id": "input-4036c2d0cd8f7c76637e16134cd6c4af82b2861c003fd4c2641c58502239e5b5", "selected_evidence_id": "heat-2025-efua2015-montreal", "submitted_rows": 1, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [ { "id": "input-4036c2d0cd8f7c76637e16134cd6c4af82b2861c003fd4c2641c58502239e5b5", "identity": { "evidence_id": "heat-2025-efua2015-montreal", "observation_sha256": "378a8a12d18c0302c2d6903f1bc6f9467e3c2febc1834e91ce022f5e10494678", "evidence_review_sha256": "c00656dd35374ec8965d3bb292e955aa2123c594f59edfd8ba1814432ecd117a", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "protocol_ref": "civometra.heat-exposure.measurement@1.0.0", "protocol_sha256": "67b31ac71f805f7807a86472a0b7a27857d242ac001d41d89a49a6a421b68659", "protocol_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "geography_ref": "efua-2015-heat-v1-0:montreal", "geography_sha256": "3d4716af0339a61c2cc0b9edb305d35fd9f9f495676ddb750762006eeff76983", "geography_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "source_frame_ref": "heat-2025-efua-3485", "source_frame_registry_sha256": "65586ae4d58a8bd091846c92989781cd821564d0f7f2be38eed6f5830306dcd4", "source_frame": { "id": "heat-2025-efua-3485", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/heat-2025-efua-3485.npz", "sha256": "1deadefaad1c1f1af1bc4bc162ecdccfb5963ed900373edb361369ba6f4b1cdc", "source_urls": [ "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/derived-utci-historical?tab=overview", "https://thermaltrace.climate.copernicus.eu/", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) information 2025, implemented by ECMWF. Source: ERA5-HEAT via Thermal Trace and the Climate Data Store, DOI 10.24381/cds.553b7518; chart facts licensed CC BY 4.0. Modified by BestCityToLive / AINT.app: daily maxima counted >=38 degrees Celsius on exact exported daily operands, native 0.25-degree sampling with the disclosed higher-coordinate tie rule, GHS-POP 2020 population weighting on reviewed estimated-FUA 2015 masks, and annual/monthly calculations with strict-threshold definition sensitivity. These derivatives are not source-produced city estimates. Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data in this publication." }, "geography_source_frames": [ { "id": "ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-v1", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-514cc4071511.gpkg", "sha256": "514cc4071511d149ff4f37b533404954e5e785913cbafce1294428848bc0a9fb", "source_urls": [ "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/GHSL/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A/V1-0/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0.zip", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre, developed in collaboration with OECD. GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement." }, { "id": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/ghs-fua-2015-r2019a-d54de59b82b8.zip", "sha256": "d54de59b82b8c4d64a710f90ccd554975a3be92233f14115ac154094c3549979", "source_urls": [ "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/GHSL/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A/V1-0/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0.zip", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre, developed in collaboration with OECD. GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement." } ] }, "observation": { "city_slug": "montreal", "metric": "heat-exposure", "value": 0.8378985668699251, "unit": "person-days/person", "period_start": "2025-01-01", "period_end": "2025-12-31", "source_url": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/derived-utci-historical?tab=overview", "geography_type": "harmonized-urban-area", "geography_ref": "efua-2015-heat-v1-0:montreal", "protocol_ref": "civometra.heat-exposure.measurement@1.0.0", "source_frame_ref": "heat-2025-efua-3485", "source_frame_url": "/data/source-frames/heat-2025-efua-3485.npz", "source_frame_sha256": "1deadefaad1c1f1af1bc4bc162ecdccfb5963ed900373edb361369ba6f4b1cdc", "source_record_ref": "heat-2025-efua-3485.npz; heat_days_2025/monthly_heat_days_2025 and exact population operands; estimated source area 3485", "universe": "Residents modelled in the GHS-POP R2023A 2020 native 1 km count grid inside the frozen 2015 JRC/OECD estimated functional urban area; historical annual outdoor UTCI maximum heat days represented at residential grid cells. This is not an individual clinical-risk measure.", "denominator": 4184064.7379515534, "publisher": "BestCityToLive Research Desk / AINT.app; derived from C3S/ECMWF and European Commission/JRC", "source_label": "Population-weighted annual extreme-heat exposure: reviewed research input", "geography": "2015 estimated functional urban area: Montreal (3485)", "definition_version": "1.0.0", "analytical_area_id": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a:3485", "boundary_label": "2015 estimated functional urban area: Montreal (3485)", "boundary_reference_year": 2015, "population_reference_year": 2020, "source_model": { "name": "ERA5-HEAT via Thermal Trace (archived chart-data snapshot)", "version": null, "source_url": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/derived-utci-historical?tab=overview", "sha256": "42401d35af69b247923a891cde93a7f9893bc420dff5034fea864dda8a53c8d0" }, "calculation_method": "For each complete UTC day in 2025, count maximum outdoor UTCI >=38 degrees Celsius at the nearest actual native 0.25-degree Thermal Trace grid point for each population-cell centre. Annual exposure = sum(known 2020 population_cell * exposed UTC days) / sum(known population with complete 365-day weather); monthly values use the same denominator. Exact whole 1 km 2015 source-cell masks are retained. Weather is constant within a population cell; no interpolation, neighbour gap-fill, invented zero population or city-specific thresholds. Primary exposure counts exported daily maximum Celsius UTCI >=38. Publisher annual hot counts were empirically compared with strict > recounts at 26/32/38/46 on those same exact exported Celsius operands; inclusive-minus-reference equals the exact equality count. No epsilon, rounded operands or verified backend cause is asserted. The difference is threshold-definition sensitivity, not a confidence interval, physical accuracy estimate, separate scored indicator or replacement primary value.", "coverage": { "cell_count": 5027, "population_grid_valid_cells": 5027, "missing_cells": 0, "zero_cells": 740, "population_grid_area_coverage": 1, "total_known_modelled_population": 4184064.7379515534, "weather_covered_population": 4184064.7379515534, "weather_population_coverage": 1, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 3505821.8476205957, "native_weather_points": 20, "expected_days": 365 }, "uncertainty": { "status": "not-reported-for-this-derived-area", "note": "The source supplies no city-specific statistical confidence interval. Regional reanalysis does not resolve shade, indoor conditions, neighbourhood microclimate or individual physiological exposure." }, "scope_notice": "Annual 2025 modelled outdoor heat exposure using 2020 modelled population in the fixed 2015 estimated area Montreal (source ID 3485). Native weather resolution is 0.25 degrees. This historical modelled analytical footprint is not a current municipality or observed commuting boundary.", "source_attribution": [ { "publisher": "Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), implemented by ECMWF", "title": "ERA5-HEAT via Thermal Trace, archived 2025 daily maximum/minimum outdoor UTCI chart facts", "url": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/derived-utci-historical?tab=overview", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "attribution": { "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "basis": "Pinned official frontend chart/CSV export metadata; the JSON response itself omits licence and units.", "attribution": "Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) information 2025, implemented by ECMWF. Source: ERA5-HEAT via Thermal Trace and the Climate Data Store, DOI 10.24381/cds.553b7518; chart facts licensed CC BY 4.0.", "modifications": "Modified by BestCityToLive / AINT.app: daily maxima counted >=38 degrees Celsius on exact exported daily operands, native 0.25-degree sampling with the disclosed higher-coordinate tie rule, GHS-POP 2020 population weighting on reviewed estimated-FUA 2015 masks, and annual/monthly calculations with strict-threshold definition sensitivity. These derivatives are not source-produced city estimates.", "responsibility_notice": "Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data in this publication.", "no_endorsement": "The original publishers have not endorsed BestCityToLive, AINT.app, Civometra, the historical estimated-area compatibility review, or these derived city-area values." } }, { "publisher": "European Commission Joint Research Centre", "title": "GHS-POP R2023A V1-0, 2020 modelled residential population counts", "url": "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe", "licence": "CC BY 4.0" }, { "publisher": "European Commission Joint Research Centre, in collaboration with OECD", "title": "GHS-FUA R2019A V1_0, estimated functional urban areas, 2015", "url": "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95", "licence": "CC BY 4.0" } ], "weather_reference_year": 2025, "monthly_exposure_days": [ { "month": "2025-01", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-02", "calendar_days": 28, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-03", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-04", "calendar_days": 30, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-05", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-06", "calendar_days": 30, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-07", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-08", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0.8378985668699251, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 3505821.8476205957 }, { "month": "2025-09", "calendar_days": 30, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-10", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-11", "calendar_days": 30, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-12", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 } ], "definition_sensitivity": { "label": "threshold-definition sensitivity", "threshold_c": 38, "primary_comparison": ">=", "reference_comparison": ">", "denominator": 4184064.7379515534, "strict_value": 0.8378985668699251, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 3505821.8476205957, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0, "monthly_exposure_days": [ { "month": "2025-01", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-02", "calendar_days": 28, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-03", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-04", "calendar_days": 30, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-05", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-06", "calendar_days": 30, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-07", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-08", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0.8378985668699251, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 3505821.8476205957, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-09", "calendar_days": 30, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-10", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-11", "calendar_days": 30, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-12", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 } ], "notice": "Exact published-Celsius comparison sensitivity; not a confidence interval, physical accuracy estimate, new scored indicator or replacement primary value. The provider backend comparison/conversion order is not established." }, "reviewed": true, "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "evidence_id": "heat-2025-efua2015-montreal", "source_ref": "source-82ac6f7a3f0687eb", "source_frame_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/heat-2025-efua-3485.npz", "attribution_source_refs": [ "source-82ac6f7a3f0687eb", "source-f3189a9194a27e72", "source-ef5611a3b029db1b" ] }, "source_age": { "reference_date": "2025-12-31", "reference_kind": "period-end", "maximum_age_days": 730, "age_days": 300, "last_age_eligible_date": "2027-12-31", "first_age_rejected_date": "2028-01-01", "notice": "These UTC dates describe the unchanged age gate only; source, identity, review and selection checks still apply." }, "duplicate_submissions": 1, "state": "selected", "selected": true, "age_eligible": true, "reasons": [] } ], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "flood-exposure", "label": "Residents in high-risk flood areas", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "thermal-comfort", "label": "Annual hours with moderate outdoor thermal conditions", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "emissions", "label": "Territorial greenhouse gas emissions per capita", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "employment", "label": "Employment rate, working age", "status": "missing", "selected_history_id": null, "selected_evidence_id": null, "submitted_rows": 0, "withheld_rows": 0, "withheld_states": {}, "records": [], "selection_decisions": [] }, { "id": "job-growth", "label": 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This does not constitute an endorsement by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation of this product.", "derived_notice": "Adapted from Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Starts and Completions Survey, January to December 2025. This does not constitute an endorsement by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation of this product.", "downstream_conditions_url": "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data" }, "geography_source_frames": [ { "id": "statcan-cma2021-462-native", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-native-5a0393ee69c1.json", "sha256": "5a0393ee69c18ad2db94b833830ec1cdeb58fe45f9a499b8bd401b719dac1222", "source_urls": [ "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6/query?where=CMAUID%3D%27462%27&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=true&f=json", "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6" ], "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence", "licence_url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T21:30:41.285876+00:00", "attribution": "Statistics Canada, 2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, reference date 1 January 2021; original native EPSG:3347 polygon. No endorsement." }, { "id": "statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84-82c0dffde26a.json", "sha256": "82c0dffde26a5d30cf96899b47f22d824cba943b2ccd36e2719f245cf1fcc1f2", "source_urls": [ "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6/query?where=CMAUID%3D%27462%27&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=true&f=json&outSR=4326", "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6" ], "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence", "licence_url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T21:52:10.932439+00:00", "attribution": "Statistics Canada, 2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, original agency outSR=4326 polygon; no local simplification or repair. No endorsement." } ] }, "observation": { "city_slug": "montreal", "metric": "housing-supply", "value": 4.695686254210404, "unit": "per 1000", "period_start": "2025-01-01", "period_end": "2025-12-31", "source_url": "https://assets.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/sites/cmhc/professional/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data-tables/housing-market-data/housing-information-monthly/2025/december/provincial-starts-completions-dwelling-type-12-25-en.xlsx", "geography_type": "harmonized-urban-area", "geography_ref": "statcan-cma2021-housing-v1-0:montreal", "protocol_ref": "civometra.housing-supply.measurement@1.0.0", "source_frame_ref": "housing-2025-minimal", "source_frame_url": "/data/source-frames/housing-2025-minimal-source-frames.json", "source_frame_sha256": "6d0d982c476494ff9c39d7554166f8777d1362b66ecc3e04c03a5c11cf55140f", "source_record_ref": "CMHC Table A6_1 K27 / Table F6-4 G26; Statistics Canada annual v42128175, monthly January–December 2025, population v1589878032 (July 1,2025); native Notes!A2 SGC2021 adapter.", "universe": "Gross new self-contained dwelling units on new permanent foundations, designed for non-transient year-round occupancy, completed under the official CMHC structural milestone, all intended markets (homeownership, rental, condominium and co-operative). Denominator: the official Statistics Canada all-age, total-gender July 1 population estimate in the exact same CMA2021 source area. Existing-foundation conversions/alterations, net-stock adjustments, demolitions, seasonal/transient and collective accommodation are excluded from the numerator.", "denominator": 4597837, "publisher": "Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation / Statistics Canada", "source_label": "Gross dwelling construction completions per 1,000 July 1 population estimate", "geography": "2021 official census metropolitan area: Montréal (CMAUID 462)", "definition_version": "1.0.0", "analytical_area_id": "statcan-cma2021:462", "boundary_label": "2021 official census metropolitan area: Montréal (CMAUID 462)", "boundary_reference_year": 2021, "population_reference_year": 2025, "calculation_method": "1000 * gross CMHC calendar-year new-dwelling completions / Statistics Canada July 1 resident population estimate in the same reviewed CMA2021 area. 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For multi-dwelling buildings the stage applies to the structure; the reported counts are dwelling units. This is not legal occupancy certification, actual occupation, sale or absorption. Preliminary postcensal July 1, 2025 population estimate, all ages and total gender; not a census count, projection or final estimate. No numeric confidence interval is published for the selected source rows. Native CMHC December 2025 workbook Notes!A2 explicitly assigns SGC2021 Census geography from January 2023. The annual/monthly Statistics Canada completion CSVs retain literal 2011-prefixed national-CMA DGUIDs; their cause is not asserted and they are never rewritten. The population table explicitly uses national CMA2021 DGUIDs. Original CMA classification codes, names, native workbook totals/notes, the complete 156-feature CMA/CA provincial-part source inventory (42 CMA B, 105 CA D, 9 tracted CA K features), and exact agency polygons bind this reviewed source adapter. All four selected units are type B CMAs, each with one provincial part. No equivalence with PM/heat estimated-FUA2015 is claimed.", "source_attribution": [ { "publisher": "Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation", "title": "Starts and Completions Survey, January to December 2025; all intended markets", "url": "https://assets.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/sites/cmhc/professional/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data-tables/housing-market-data/housing-information-monthly/2025/december/provincial-starts-completions-dwelling-type-12-25-en.xlsx", "licence": "CMHC Licence Agreement for the Use of Data" }, { "publisher": "Statistics Canada", "title": "Table 17-10-0148-01, July 1,2025 population estimates; preliminary postcensal", "url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/tbl/csv/17100148-eng.zip", "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence" }, { "publisher": "Statistics Canada", "title": "CMA2021 digital boundaries; original whole-CMA provincial-part identity proof", "url": "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6", "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence" } ], "derivation": { "kind": "gross-completions-per-midyear-resident", "calculation": "1000 * gross CMHC calendar-year new-dwelling completions / Statistics Canada July 1 resident population estimate in the same reviewed CMA2021 area. 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This is not legal occupancy certification, actual occupation, sale or absorption.", "dwelling_definition": "Gross new self-contained dwelling units on new permanent foundations, designed for non-transient year-round occupancy, completed under the official CMHC structural milestone, all intended markets (homeownership, rental, condominium and co-operative). Denominator: the official Statistics Canada all-age, total-gender July 1 population estimate in the exact same CMA2021 source area. Existing-foundation conversions/alterations, net-stock adjustments, demolitions, seasonal/transient and collective accommodation are excluded from the numerator.", "source_geography_adapter": "Native CMHC December 2025 workbook Notes!A2 explicitly assigns SGC2021 Census geography from January 2023. The annual/monthly Statistics Canada completion CSVs retain literal 2011-prefixed national-CMA DGUIDs; their cause is not asserted and they are never rewritten. 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No equivalence with PM/heat estimated-FUA2015 is claimed.", "source_cma_uid": "462", "source_cmap_uid": "24462", "source_provincial_part_dguid": "2021S050524462", "source_completion_dguid_as_published": "2011S0503462", "population_dguid_as_published": "2021S0503462", "completion_by_dwelling_type": { "Single-detached units": 1255, "Semi-detached units": 331, "Row units": 700, "Apartment and other unit types": 19304 }, "completion_by_intended_market": { "homeownership": { "raw": "2265", "value": 2265, "source_cell": "C26" }, "rental": { "raw": "16436", "value": 16436, "source_cell": "D26" }, "condominium": { "raw": "2778", "value": 2778, "source_cell": "E26" }, "cooperative": { "raw": "111", "value": 111, "source_cell": "F26" } }, "original_source_records": { "annual": { "filename": "statcan-34100134-eng.zip", "sha256": "b72f17d6d9f419cd5881500e60e9f7399f1a50c06aa88ef3e629705ac2b8b95f", "member": "34100134.csv", "csv_data_row_1based": 30637, "csv_line_1based": 30638, "raw_source_record": { "REF_DATE": "2025", "GEO": "Montréal, Quebec", "DGUID": "2011S0503462", "Housing estimates": "Housing completions", "Type of unit": "Total units", "UOM": "Units", "UOM_ID": "300", "SCALAR_FACTOR": "units", "SCALAR_ID": "0", "VECTOR": "v42128175", "COORDINATE": "9.3.1", "VALUE": "21590", "STATUS": "", "SYMBOL": "", "TERMINATED": "", "DECIMALS": "0" } }, "monthly": { "filename": "statcan-34100154-eng.zip", "sha256": "0b6bfd429925c0de6102e9b15b6f1946bb7fc5a05b08534e12ed9df75d6d5f13", "member": "34100154.csv", "records": [ { "csv_data_row_1based": 332876, "csv_line_1based": 332877, "raw_source_record": { "REF_DATE": "2025-01", "GEO": "Montréal, Quebec", "DGUID": "2011S0503462", "Housing estimates": "Housing completions", "Type of unit": "Total units", "UOM": "Units", "UOM_ID": "300", "SCALAR_FACTOR": "units", "SCALAR_ID": "0", "VECTOR": "v42127575", "COORDINATE": "29.3.1", "VALUE": "1450", "STATUS": "", "SYMBOL": "", "TERMINATED": "", "DECIMALS": "0" } }, { "csv_data_row_1based": 333416, 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This does not constitute an endorsement by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation of this product.", "downstream_conditions_url": "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data", "original_retrieval_receipt": { "filename": "statcan-34100134-eng.zip", "url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/tbl/csv/34100134-eng.zip", "resolved_url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/tbl/csv/34100134-eng.zip", "bytes": 407521, "sha256": "b72f17d6d9f419cd5881500e60e9f7399f1a50c06aa88ef3e629705ac2b8b95f", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T23:05:11.913110+00:00", "http_date": "Mon, 26 Oct 2026 23:05:08 GMT", "last_modified": "Wed, 21 Jan 2026 15:53:22 GMT", "etag": null, "content_type": "application/zip" } }, "monthly": { "id": "housing-2025-monthly", "url": "/data/source-frames/housing-2025-monthly-0b6bfd429925.zip", "sha256": "0b6bfd429925c0de6102e9b15b6f1946bb7fc5a05b08534e12ed9df75d6d5f13", "source_urls": [ "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/tbl/csv/34100154-eng.zip" ], "licence": "CMHC Licence Agreement for the Use of Data", "licence_url": "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data", "derived_notice": "Adapted from Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Starts and Completions Survey, January to December 2025. This does not constitute an endorsement by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation of this product.", "downstream_conditions_url": "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data", "original_retrieval_receipt": { "filename": "statcan-34100154-eng.zip", "url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/tbl/csv/34100154-eng.zip", "resolved_url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/tbl/csv/34100154-eng.zip", "bytes": 4276016, "sha256": "0b6bfd429925c0de6102e9b15b6f1946bb7fc5a05b08534e12ed9df75d6d5f13", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T23:05:13.410900+00:00", "http_date": "Mon, 26 Oct 2026 23:05:09 GMT", "last_modified": "Mon, 19 Oct 2026 12:30:46 GMT", "etag": null, "content_type": "application/zip" } }, "population": { "id": "housing-2025-population", "url": "/data/source-frames/housing-2025-population-7b007a0ff50b.zip", "sha256": "7b007a0ff50bb1bad6a041093c3c71502c095f2516d20c961d9c26ed55b327d5", "source_urls": [ "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/tbl/csv/17100148-eng.zip" ], "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence", "licence_url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence", "derived_notice": "Housing-supply rate calculated by BestCityToLive / AINT.app from Statistics Canada population estimates and CMHC completion counts; no publisher endorsement.", "downstream_conditions_url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence", "original_retrieval_receipt": { "filename": "statcan-17100148-eng.zip", "url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/tbl/csv/17100148-eng.zip", "resolved_url": "https://www150.statcan.gc.ca/n1/tbl/csv/17100148-eng.zip", "bytes": 22688780, "sha256": "7b007a0ff50bb1bad6a041093c3c71502c095f2516d20c961d9c26ed55b327d5", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T23:05:15.274494+00:00", "http_date": "Mon, 26 Oct 2026 23:05:11 GMT", "last_modified": "Wed, 14 Jan 2026 13:30:47 GMT", "etag": null, "content_type": "application/zip" } } }, "original_source_precision": { "completion_published_decimals": 0, "population_published_decimals": 0, "completion_unit": "Units", "population_unit": "Persons", "scalar_factor": "units", "note": "Integer source operands; derived rate has no independently measured decimal precision." }, "revision_status": { "annual_table_release": "2026-01-21", "monthly_table_release": "2026-10-19", "population_table_release": "2026-01-14", "completion_observation_flags": "Blank original STATUS/SYMBOL; no finality assertion", "monthly_sum_equals_annual_and_native_workbooks": true, "population_status": "preliminary postcensal for2025 per table note5; not final", "xlsx_http_last_modified": "Wed, 29 Jul 2026 16:09:06 GMT", "xlsx_internal_modified": "2026-01-16T17:28:52Z", "xlsx_internal_modified_notice": "Document metadata timestamp, not the observation period, retrieval date or independently verified publication date" }, "licence": { "name": "CMHC Licence Agreement for the Use of Data", "url": "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data", "acknowledgement": "Source: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), Starts and Completions Survey, January to December 2025. This information is reproduced and distributed on an “as is” basis with the permission of CMHC.", "derived_notice": "Adapted from Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Starts and Completions Survey, January to December 2025. This does not constitute an endorsement by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation of this product.", "downstream_conditions_url": "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data" }, "population_licence": { "name": "Statistics Canada Open Licence", "url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence", "acknowledgement": "Source: Statistics Canada, Table 17-10-0148-01, January 14, 2026 release, July 1, 2025 population estimates.", "derived_notice": "Housing-supply rate calculated by BestCityToLive / AINT.app from Statistics Canada population estimates and CMHC completion counts; no publisher endorsement.", "downstream_conditions_url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence" }, "native_scope_note": { "source_frame_ref": "housing-2025-cmhc-geography", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/housing-2025-cmhc-geography-5ca133946244.xlsx", "sha256": "5ca133946244c91dbc0c3119d266dc18a0672795686ea5c5eb18bec1fc739171", "sheet": "Notes", "cell": "A2" } }, "quality_flags": [], "licence": { "name": "CMHC Licence Agreement for the Use of Data", "url": "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data", "acknowledgement": "Source: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), Starts and Completions Survey, January to December 2025. This information is reproduced and distributed on an “as is” basis with the permission of CMHC.", "derived_notice": "Adapted from Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Starts and Completions Survey, January to December 2025. This does not constitute an endorsement by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation of this product.", "downstream_conditions_url": "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data" }, "reviewed": true, "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "evidence_id": "housing-supply-2025-cma2021-montreal", "source_ref": "source-60dc249871b8d194", "source_frame_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/housing-2025-minimal-source-frames.json", "attribution_source_refs": [ "source-60dc249871b8d194", "source-b1d092b64a16e632", "source-e2f3edd0cd9c4fe3" ] }, "source_age": { "reference_date": "2025-12-31", "reference_kind": "period-end", "maximum_age_days": 730, "age_days": 300, "last_age_eligible_date": "2027-12-31", "first_age_rejected_date": "2028-01-01", "notice": "These UTC dates describe the unchanged age gate only; source, identity, review and selection checks still apply." }, "duplicate_submissions": 1, "state": "selected", "selected": true, "age_eligible": true, "reasons": [] } ], "selection_decisions": [] } ], "notice": "Only exact completed approved evidence identities expose observations. Expiry and current selection do not rewrite historical source values, source dates or approvals. Rejected/unreviewed/future raw rows are withheld; their fixed diagnostic counts are not observations. Age dates describe the unchanged UTC age gate only. No official score or quarterly result is released." }, "air_monitor_context": { "status": "context-only", "record_count": 0, "index_eligible": false, "ranking_eligible": false, "evidence_types": [], "source_retrievals": [], "coverage": [], "records": [], "notice": "EPA monitoring-site summaries only; zero rows means no matching monitor context in this snapshot. Separate contextual evidence classes: EPA annual monitor/site summaries and EEA two-year modelled city/greater-city exposure. Monitor rows are not city averages, independent urban areas or population-weighted FUA exposure. EEA values are 2024–2025 modelled city-boundary averages, not annual monitor statistics. Do not pool, average, rank or convert these classes into index inputs. Missing destinations are not assigned a substitute value." }, "air_quality_context": { "status": "context-only", "record_count": 0, "index_eligible": false, "ranking_eligible": false, "evidence_types": [], "source_retrievals": [], "coverage": [], "records": [], "notice": "Separate contextual evidence classes: EPA annual monitor/site summaries and EEA two-year modelled city/greater-city exposure. Monitor rows are not city averages, independent urban areas or population-weighted FUA exposure. EEA values are 2024–2025 modelled city-boundary averages, not annual monitor statistics. Do not pool, average, rank or convert these classes into index inputs. Missing destinations are not assigned a substitute value." }, "geography_candidates": { "city_slug": "montreal", "city_name": "Montreal", "destination_country_iso3": "CAN", "status": "matched", "scoring_approved": false, "reference_point": { "longitude": -73.5673, "latitude": 45.5017, "provenance": "Inherited destination registry: spatial lookup aid only; not evidence of a scored boundary." }, "oecd_fua_candidates": [ { "id": "CAN02F", "country_iso3": "CAN", "source_name": "Montreal", "source_label": "OECD functional urban area", "identity_source_frame": "oecd-codelist", "boundary_vintage": null, "boundary_vintage_status": "unknown: the retrieved package does not establish the national boundary/commuting reference year", "boundary_match": "point_intersects", "boundary_source_frame": "oecd-boundaries", "boundary_archive_generation": "2025-03-06T14:50:34.695Z", "member_count": 176, "member_ids": [ "CAN2445030", "CAN2445093", "CAN2445095", "CAN2445100", "CAN2445105", "CAN2446010", "CAN2446035", "CAN2446040", "CAN2446045", "CAN2446058", "CAN2446065", "CAN2446100", "CAN2446105", "CAN2452007", "CAN2452017", "CAN2453032", "CAN2453040", "CAN2454025", "CAN2454030", "CAN2455030", "CAN2455037", "CAN2455048", "CAN2455057", "CAN2455065", "CAN2456005", "CAN2456010", "CAN2456023", "CAN2456030", "CAN2456050", "CAN2456055", "CAN2456060", "CAN2456083", "CAN2456097", "CAN2457005", "CAN2457010", "CAN2457020", "CAN2457025", "CAN2457030", "CAN2457033", "CAN2457035", "CAN2457040", "CAN2457045", "CAN2457050", "CAN2457057", "CAN2457068", "CAN2457075", "CAN2458007", "CAN2458012", "CAN2458033", "CAN2458037", "CAN2458227", "CAN2459010", "CAN2459015", "CAN2459020", "CAN2459025", "CAN2459030", "CAN2459035", "CAN2460005", "CAN2460013", "CAN2460020", "CAN2460028", "CAN2460037", "CAN2461050", "CAN2462015", "CAN2462020", "CAN2462025", "CAN2462037", "CAN2462047", "CAN2462053", "CAN2462055", "CAN2462060", "CAN2462065", "CAN2463005", "CAN2463013", "CAN2463023", "CAN2463030", "CAN2463035", "CAN2463040", "CAN2463048", "CAN2463055", "CAN2463060", "CAN2464008", "CAN2464015", "CAN2465005", "CAN2466007", "CAN2466023", "CAN2466032", "CAN2466047", "CAN2466058", "CAN2466062", "CAN2466072", "CAN2466087", "CAN2466097", "CAN2466102", "CAN2466107", "CAN2466112", "CAN2466117", "CAN2466127", "CAN2466142", "CAN2467005", "CAN2467010", "CAN2467015", "CAN2467020", "CAN2467025", "CAN2467030", "CAN2467035", "CAN2467045", "CAN2467050", "CAN2467055", "CAN2468005", "CAN2468010", "CAN2468015", "CAN2468020", "CAN2468025", "CAN2468030", "CAN2468035", "CAN2468040", "CAN2468045", "CAN2468050", "CAN2468055", "CAN2469017", "CAN2469025", "CAN2469030", "CAN2470005", "CAN2470012", "CAN2470022", "CAN2470030", "CAN2471005", "CAN2471015", "CAN2471025", "CAN2471033", "CAN2471040", "CAN2471045", "CAN2471050", "CAN2471055", "CAN2471083", "CAN2471090", "CAN2471100", "CAN2471105", "CAN2471110", "CAN2471125", "CAN2471133", "CAN2472005", "CAN2472010", "CAN2472015", "CAN2472020", "CAN2472025", "CAN2472032", "CAN2472043", "CAN2472802", "CAN2473005", "CAN2473010", "CAN2473015", "CAN2473020", "CAN2473025", "CAN2473030", "CAN2473035", "CAN2474005", "CAN2475005", "CAN2475017", "CAN2475028", "CAN2475040", "CAN2475045", "CAN2476008", "CAN2476020", "CAN2476025", "CAN2476043", "CAN2477011", "CAN2477012", "CAN2477022", "CAN2477030", "CAN2477035", "CAN2477043", "CAN2477050", "CAN2477065", "CAN2478005" ], "member_geography_levels": [ "Census Subdivisions" ], "member_count_by_geography_level": { "Census Subdivisions": 176 }, "membership_interpretation": "Counts of source correspondence units. Multiple geographic levels may overlap; do not sum their populations or treat these rows as disjoint boundary components.", "membership_source_frame": "oecd-membership", "membership_boundary_alignment": "not audited; separate source snapshots must not be assumed contemporaneous", "scoring_approved": false, "source_geometry_wkb_sha256": "8e30fa2e45df239e4ac65bb0032ad3dfb71bdd13b5f9bd3b55898c9e24f2870b", "shared_with": [] } ], "estimated_fua_2015": { "status": "matched", "source_frame": "jrc-efua", "boundary_vintage": "2015", "type": "JRC/OECD globally estimated functional urban area; modelled commuting influence", "scoring_approved": false, "candidates": [ { "eFUA_ID": 3485, "eFUA_name": "Montreal", "Cntry_ISO": "CAN", "Cntry_name": "Canada", "UC_IDs": "1013;1017;1026;1030", "UC_num": 4, "source_geometry_wkb_sha256": "7869b15ce38edcdd1371798d80ce8cb42ea3aaa9656d9e7c5de567e8abda35a6", "shared_with": [] } ], "notice": "Historical estimated area of influence, not observed current commuting data. Not interchangeable with OECD administrative FUAs or 2025 GHSL urban centres." }, "eurostat_2024_research_crosscheck": { "status": "unresolved", "source_frame": "gisco-2024", "boundary_vintage": "2024-01-01", "geometry_redistribution_cleared": false, "licence_notice": "Retrieved GISCO metadata states source acknowledgement and non-commercial use; Administrative boundaries: © EuroGeographics. Do not assume commercial API boundary reuse is cleared.", "candidates": [] }, "national_metro_context": { "type": "Statistics Canada Census metropolitan area", "name": "Montréal", "id": "462", "dguid": "2021S0503462", "boundary_vintage": "2021-01-01", "member_type": "Census subdivision", "member_ids": [ "2452007", "2455057", "2455065", "2456083", "2457005", "2457010", "2457020", "2457025", "2457030", "2457035", "2457040", "2457045", "2458007", "2458012", "2458033", "2458037", "2458227", "2459010", "2459015", "2459020", "2459025", "2460005", "2460013", "2460020", "2460028", "2460037", "2463035", "2463048", "2464008", "2464015", "2465005", "2466007", "2466023", "2466032", "2466047", "2466058", "2466062", "2466072", "2466087", "2466092", "2466097", "2466102", "2466107", "2466112", "2466117", "2466127", "2466142", "2467005", "2467010", "2467015", "2467020", "2467025", "2467030", "2467035", "2467040", "2467045", "2467050", "2467055", "2467802", "2470022", "2471025", "2471033", "2471040", "2471050", "2471055", "2471060", "2471065", "2471070", "2471075", "2471083", "2471090", "2471095", "2471100", "2471105", "2472005", "2472010", "2472015", "2472020", "2472025", "2472032", "2472043", "2472802", "2473005", "2473010", "2473015", "2473020", "2473025", "2473030", "2473035", "2474005", "2475005", "2475017", "2476025" ], "source_frame": "statcan-cma-2021", "member_count": 93, "scoring_approved": false, "oecd_member_set_comparison": { "oecd_only_ids": [ "2445030", "2445093", "2445095", "2445100", "2445105", "2446010", "2446035", "2446040", "2446045", "2446058", "2446065", "2446100", "2446105", "2452017", "2453032", "2453040", "2454025", "2454030", "2455030", "2455037", "2455048", "2456005", "2456010", "2456023", "2456030", "2456050", "2456055", "2456060", "2456097", "2457033", "2457050", "2457057", "2457068", "2457075", "2459030", "2459035", "2461050", "2462015", "2462020", "2462025", "2462037", "2462047", "2462053", "2462055", "2462060", "2462065", "2463005", "2463013", "2463023", "2463030", "2463040", "2463055", "2463060", "2468005", "2468010", "2468015", "2468020", "2468025", "2468030", "2468035", "2468040", "2468045", "2468050", "2468055", "2469017", "2469025", "2469030", "2470005", "2470012", "2470030", "2471005", "2471015", "2471045", "2471110", "2471125", "2471133", "2475028", "2475040", "2475045", "2476008", "2476020", "2476043", "2477011", "2477012", "2477022", "2477030", "2477035", "2477043", "2477050", "2477065", "2478005" ], "national_only_ids": [ "2466092", "2467040", "2467802", "2471060", "2471065", "2471070", "2471075", "2471095" ], "same_identifier_membership": false, "notice": "Identifier set comparison only. 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Any copyright and/or sui generis right on the dataset \nis licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0) licence [2]. \nReuse is allowed provided appropriate credit is given and any changes are indicated.\n\n[1] https://eur-lex.europa.eu/eli/dec/2011/833/oj\n[2] https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0", "licence_url": "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95", "source_ref": "source-0a2031537592e1ba" }, { "frame_id": "gisco-2024", "file": "gisco-2024-fua.geojson", "url": "https://gisco-services.ec.europa.eu/distribution/v2/urau/geojson/URAU_RG_100K_2024_4326_FUA.geojson", "sha256": "6522106c9a49b4f1e51128a35ef64f2275fd7a1dc256e16e9db94ff360934c71", "bytes": 45018165, "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T19:05:46.800226+00:00", "last_modified": "Thu, 19 Feb 2026 07:54:23 GMT", "publisher": "European Commission, Eurostat/GISCO", "label": "Urban Audit 2024 FUA RG 100K EPSG:4326; research cross-check only", "boundary_vintage": "2024-01-01", "licence": "Retrieved metadata: source acknowledgement AND non-commercial use. 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Frozen 2015 estimated areas are not current observed commuting zones or 2025 urban centres.", "registry_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/scoring-geographies.json", "source_frames": [ { "id": "ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-v1", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-514cc4071511.gpkg", "sha256": "514cc4071511d149ff4f37b533404954e5e785913cbafce1294428848bc0a9fb", "source_urls": [ "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/GHSL/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A/V1-0/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0.zip", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "copyright_notice_sha256": "f20723519a580fb35b3499870f0b1baea54f483195105416e547f0014f1610d2", "attribution": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre, developed in collaboration with OECD. GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement.", "original_source_frame_ref": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "original_source_archive_sha256": "d54de59b82b8c4d64a710f90ccd554975a3be92233f14115ac154094c3549979", "adaptation": "Exact selected original features, with documented make_valid linework decomposition only where invalid. No coordinate, boundary-linework, area or 1 km cell-footprint change; source originals separately retained.", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/ghs-efua-2015-cohort-validity-adapter-514cc4071511.gpkg", "source_ref": "source-0a2031537592e1ba" }, { "id": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a-v1-0-original", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/ghs-fua-2015-r2019a-d54de59b82b8.zip", "sha256": "d54de59b82b8c4d64a710f90ccd554975a3be92233f14115ac154094c3549979", "source_urls": [ "https://jeodpp.jrc.ec.europa.eu/ftp/jrc-opendata/GHSL/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A/V1-0/GHS_FUA_UCDB2015_GLOBE_R2019A_54009_1K_V1_0.zip", "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95" ], "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "copyright_notice_sha256": "f20723519a580fb35b3499870f0b1baea54f483195105416e547f0014f1610d2", "attribution": "European Commission, Joint Research Centre, developed in collaboration with OECD. GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. 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GHS-FUA R2019A (2015), V1_0. Source DOI 10.2905/347F0337-F2DA-4592-87B3-E25975EC2C95. Selection and geometry validity adaptation by BestCityToLive / AINT.app; no publisher endorsement.", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/ghs-fua-2015-r2019a-d54de59b82b8.zip", "source_ref": "source-0a2031537592e1ba" } ] }, { "id": "statcan-cma2021-housing-v1-0:montreal", "city_slug": "montreal", "status": "reviewed", "scope": "functional-urban-area", "boundary_kind": "official-census-metropolitan-area", "authority": "Statistics Canada", "source_geography_id": "462", "source_name": "Montréal", "source_cmap_uid": "24462", "source_dguid": "2021S050524462", "source_dguid_as_published": "2021S050524462", "source_dguid_scope": "Provincial CMA part; complete official layer proves exactly one part for this CMAUID.", "boundary_vintage": "2021-01-01", "geography_edition": "2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, second edition", "version": "statcan-cma2021-housing-v1.0.0", "source_frame_ref": "statcan-cma2021-462-native", "coordinate_source_frame_ref": "statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84", "crosswalk_method": "Native CMHC December 2025 workbook Notes!A2 explicitly assigns SGC2021 Census geography from January 2023. The annual/monthly Statistics Canada completion CSVs retain literal 2011-prefixed national-CMA DGUIDs; their cause is not asserted and they are never rewritten. The population table explicitly uses national CMA2021 DGUIDs. Original CMA classification codes, names, native workbook totals/notes, the complete 156-feature CMA/CA provincial-part source inventory (42 CMA B, 105 CA D, 9 tracted CA K features), and exact agency polygons bind this reviewed source adapter. All four selected units are type B CMAs, each with one provincial part. No equivalence with PM/heat estimated-FUA2015 is claimed.", "crosswalk": { "city_slug": "montreal", "source_cma_uid": "462", "source_cmap_uid": "24462", "source_dguid": "2021S050524462", "reference_point": { "latitude": 45.5017, "longitude": -73.5673, "role": "Inherited destination reference point used only for spatial matching; not a scored boundary." }, "complete_layer_proof": { "whole_layer_records": 156, "independent_objectid_records": 156, "attribute_objectids_equal_complete_id_set": true, "selected_cma_part_count": 1, "attribute_frame_ref": "rental-statcan-cma2021-all-identities", "attribute_archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-all-identities-0ee709dfc333.json", "attribute_archive_sha256": "0ee709dfc333a80ca2048a93ff6582730b7f262a8c4f68162ba7422eabb01bc3", "complete_objectid_frame_ref": "rental-statcan-cma2021-layer-objectids", "complete_objectid_archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-layer-objectids-ddc46b5729ff.json", "complete_objectid_archive_sha256": "ddc46b5729ff9dca9fbb29208db8c3e4a57b511f107a9fb7100cf6909327be8b", "inventory_scope": "Complete original 156-feature CMA/CA provincial-part source inventory; 42 type B CMA, 105 type D CA, 9 type K tracted CA features.", "selected_cma_type": "B" }, "housing_source_adapter": { "cmhc_notes": { "source_frame_ref": "housing-2025-cmhc-geography", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/housing-2025-cmhc-geography-5ca133946244.xlsx", "sha256": "5ca133946244c91dbc0c3119d266dc18a0672795686ea5c5eb18bec1fc739171", "sheet": "Notes", "cell": "A2" }, "completion_dguid_as_published": "2011S0503462", "population_dguid_as_published": "2021S0503462", "notice": "Native CMHC December 2025 workbook Notes!A2 explicitly assigns SGC2021 Census geography from January 2023. The annual/monthly Statistics Canada completion CSVs retain literal 2011-prefixed national-CMA DGUIDs; their cause is not asserted and they are never rewritten. The population table explicitly uses national CMA2021 DGUIDs. Original CMA classification codes, names, native workbook totals/notes, the complete 156-feature CMA/CA provincial-part source inventory (42 CMA B, 105 CA D, 9 tracted CA K features), and exact agency polygons bind this reviewed source adapter. All four selected units are type B CMAs, each with one provincial part. No equivalence with PM/heat estimated-FUA2015 is claimed." } }, "functional_definition": "Census Metropolitan Area 2021, Digital Boundary Files (DBF).\nA census metropolitan area (CMA) or a census agglomeration (CA) is formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centred on a population centre (known as the core). A CMA must have a total population of at least 100,000, based on data from the current Census of Population Program, of which 50,000 or more must live in the core based on adjusted data from the previous Census of Population Program. A CA must have a core population of at least 10,000 also based on data from the previous Census of Population Program. To be included in the CMA or CA, other adjacent municipalities must have a high degree of integration with the core, as measured by commuting flows derived from data on place of work from the previous Census Program. If the population of the core of a CA falls below 10,000, the CA is retired from the next census. However, once an area becomes a CMA, it is retained as a CMA even if its total population declines below 100,000 or the population of its core falls below 50,000. All areas inside the CMA or CA that are not population centres are rural areas. When a CA has a core of at least 50,000, based on data from the previous Census of Population, it is subdivided into census tracts. Census tracts are maintained for the CA even if the population of the core subsequently falls below 50,000. All CMAs are subdivided into census tracts.", "analytical_area_id": "statcan-cma2021:462", "boundary_label": "2021 official census metropolitan area: Montréal (CMAUID 462)", "shared_with": [], "approved_protocol_refs": [ "civometra.housing-supply.measurement@1.0.0" ], "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "scoring_approved": true, "policy_decision_ref": "civometra-housing-supply-2025-initial-research-v1", "review_scope": "Direct official calendar 2025 CMHC gross completions and July 1 population in publisher CMA2021 geography, approved only for the housing-supply protocol. No estimated-FUA2015 or OECD geometric equivalence.", "geography_ref": "statcan-cma2021-housing-v1-0:montreal", "geography_type_required": "harmonized-urban-area", "notice": "Scoped protocol permissions can repeat one unchanged physical boundary. Counts distinguish reviewed entries from unique destinations and analytical areas. Frozen 2015 estimated areas are not current observed commuting zones or 2025 urban centres.", "registry_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/scoring-geographies.json", "source_frames": [ { "id": "statcan-cma2021-462-native", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-native-5a0393ee69c1.json", "sha256": "5a0393ee69c18ad2db94b833830ec1cdeb58fe45f9a499b8bd401b719dac1222", "source_urls": [ "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6/query?where=CMAUID%3D%27462%27&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=true&f=json", "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6" ], "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence", "licence_url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "Statistics Canada, 2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, reference date 1 January 2021; original native EPSG:3347 polygon. No endorsement.", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T21:30:41.285876+00:00", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-native-5a0393ee69c1.json", "source_ref": "source-6584937305233b29" }, { "id": "statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84-82c0dffde26a.json", "sha256": "82c0dffde26a5d30cf96899b47f22d824cba943b2ccd36e2719f245cf1fcc1f2", "source_urls": [ "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6/query?where=CMAUID%3D%27462%27&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=true&f=json&outSR=4326", "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6" ], "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence", "licence_url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "Statistics Canada, 2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, original agency outSR=4326 polygon; no local simplification or repair. No endorsement.", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T21:52:10.932439+00:00", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84-82c0dffde26a.json", "source_ref": "source-a64767ed678eeff3" } ] } ], "reviewed_pm25_history": { "city_slug": "montreal", "city_name": "Montreal", "analytical_area_id": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a:3485", "source_area_id": "3485", "source_area_name": "Montreal", "value": 8.236004807242018, "unit": "micrograms/m3", "period_start": "2024-01-01", "period_end": "2024-12-31", "population_reference_year": 2020, "boundary_reference_year": 2015, "concentration_year": 2024, "source_model": { "name": "SatPM CNNPM25", "version": "V6.GL.03", "source_url": "https://satpmdata.s3.us-east-1.amazonaws.com/V6GL03/CNNPM25/Annual/GL/V6GL03.CNNPM25.GL.202401-202412.nc", "sha256": "9f1059f6a7d675a53f987e8b6ccc6981c3c29a867cc3a2324043a4eff2c19928" }, "protocol_ref": "civometra.pm25.measurement@1.0.0", "shared_with": [], "coverage": { "population_grid_area_coverage": 1, "pm_population_coverage": 1, "cell_count": 5027, "population_grid_valid_cells": 5027, "population_grid_missing_cells": 0, "population_grid_zero_cells": 740, "total_known_modelled_population": 4184064.7379515534, "pm_covered_population": 4184064.7379515534, "weighted_concentration_sum": 34459977.29558081, "population_in_zero_pm_cells": 0 }, "denominator": 4184064.7379515534, "sensitivity": { "bilinear_estimate": 8.231804578582484, "bilinear_population_coverage": 1, "coarse_estimate": 8.085414587564337, "coarse_population_coverage": 1, "notice": "Method-sampling diagnostics with their own coverage; not statistical uncertainty or confidence intervals. Neither fills missing primary values." }, "uncertainty": { "status": "not-reported-for-this-derived-area", "note": "No city-specific statistical interval supplied by this global product; sampling sensitivity is not a confidence interval." }, "frame": { "url": "/data/source-frames/pm25-2024-efua-3485.npz", "sha256": "0723d4a7a188777ff3399b26c6c37876297ebff0ac3ce597c5532355472d684a" }, "geography_ref": "efua-2015-v1-0:montreal", "evidence_id": "pm25-2024-efua2015-montreal", "review_status": "accepted", "scope_notice": "Annual 2024 modelled ambient PM2.5 weighted by 2020 modelled population in the fixed 2015 estimated area Montreal (source ID 3485). Historical modelled geography; source country labels and area identities are retained.", "source_attribution": [ { "publisher": "Atmospheric Composition Analysis Group / Washington University in St. Louis / SatPM", "title": "Shen, S., Li, C., van Donkelaar, A., Jacobs, N., Wang, C., and Martin, R. V. (2024). Enhancing Global Estimation of Fine Particulate Matter Concentrations by Including Geophysical a Priori Information in Deep Learning. ACS ES&T Air. doi:10.1021/acsestair.3c00054. SatPM V6.GL.03, annual 2024; accessed 26 October 2026.", "url": "https://www.satpm.org/v6-gl-03", "licence": "CC BY 4.0" }, { "publisher": "European Commission Joint Research Centre", "title": "GHS-POP R2023A V1-0, 2020 modelled residential-population counts", "url": "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe", "licence": "CC BY 4.0" }, { "publisher": "European Commission Joint Research Centre, in collaboration with OECD", "title": "GHS-FUA R2019A V1_0, estimated functional urban areas, 2015", "url": "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95", "licence": "CC BY 4.0" } ], "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "current": { "admitted": true, "as_of": "2026-10-27" }, "current_engine_state": "accepted", "current_engine_evaluated_at": "2026-10-27", "review_status_meaning": "Historical review approval, not a guarantee of current admission. The current engine state separately applies age and all other checks." }, "reviewed_heat_history": { "city_slug": "montreal", "city_name": "Montreal", "analytical_area_id": "ghs-efua-2015-r2019a:3485", "source_area_id": "3485", "source_area_name": "Montreal", "value": 0.8378985668699251, "unit": "person-days/person", "period_start": "2025-01-01", "period_end": "2025-12-31", "weather_reference_year": 2025, "population_reference_year": 2020, "boundary_reference_year": 2015, "protocol_ref": "civometra.heat-exposure.measurement@1.0.0", "geography_ref": "efua-2015-heat-v1-0:montreal", "evidence_id": "heat-2025-efua2015-montreal", "shared_with": [], "review_status": "accepted", "scope_notice": "Annual 2025 modelled outdoor heat exposure using 2020 modelled population in the fixed 2015 estimated area Montreal (source ID 3485). Native weather resolution is 0.25 degrees. This historical modelled analytical footprint is not a current municipality or observed commuting boundary.", "coverage": { "cell_count": 5027, "population_grid_valid_cells": 5027, "missing_cells": 0, "zero_cells": 740, "population_grid_area_coverage": 1, "total_known_modelled_population": 4184064.7379515534, "weather_covered_population": 4184064.7379515534, "weather_population_coverage": 1, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 3505821.8476205957, "native_weather_points": 20, "expected_days": 365 }, "monthly_exposure_days": [ { "month": "2025-01", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-02", "calendar_days": 28, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-03", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-04", "calendar_days": 30, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-05", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-06", "calendar_days": 30, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-07", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-08", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0.8378985668699251, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 3505821.8476205957 }, { "month": "2025-09", "calendar_days": 30, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-10", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-11", "calendar_days": 30, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-12", "calendar_days": 31, "value": 0, "weighted_exposed_person_days": 0 } ], "definition_sensitivity": { "label": "threshold-definition sensitivity", "threshold_c": 38, "primary_comparison": ">=", "reference_comparison": ">", "denominator": 4184064.7379515534, "strict_value": 0.8378985668699251, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 3505821.8476205957, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0, "monthly_exposure_days": [ { "month": "2025-01", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-02", "calendar_days": 28, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-03", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-04", "calendar_days": 30, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-05", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-06", "calendar_days": 30, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-07", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-08", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0.8378985668699251, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 3505821.8476205957, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-09", "calendar_days": 30, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-10", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-11", "calendar_days": 30, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 }, { "month": "2025-12", "calendar_days": 31, "strict_value": 0, "strict_weighted_exposed_person_days": 0, "inclusive_minus_strict_value": 0, "equality_weighted_person_days": 0 } ], "notice": "Exact published-Celsius comparison sensitivity; not a confidence interval, physical accuracy estimate, new scored indicator or replacement primary value. The provider backend comparison/conversion order is not established." }, "uncertainty": { "status": "not-reported-for-this-derived-area", "note": "The source supplies no city-specific statistical confidence interval. Regional reanalysis does not resolve shade, indoor conditions, neighbourhood microclimate or individual physiological exposure." }, "frame": { "url": "/data/source-frames/heat-2025-efua-3485.npz", "sha256": "1deadefaad1c1f1af1bc4bc162ecdccfb5963ed900373edb361369ba6f4b1cdc" }, "source_attribution": [ { "publisher": "Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S), implemented by ECMWF", "title": "ERA5-HEAT via Thermal Trace, archived 2025 daily maximum/minimum outdoor UTCI chart facts", "url": "https://cds.climate.copernicus.eu/datasets/derived-utci-historical?tab=overview", "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "attribution": { "licence": "CC BY 4.0", "licence_url": "https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/", "basis": "Pinned official frontend chart/CSV export metadata; the JSON response itself omits licence and units.", "attribution": "Contains modified Copernicus Climate Change Service (C3S) information 2025, implemented by ECMWF. Source: ERA5-HEAT via Thermal Trace and the Climate Data Store, DOI 10.24381/cds.553b7518; chart facts licensed CC BY 4.0.", "modifications": "Modified by BestCityToLive / AINT.app: daily maxima counted >=38 degrees Celsius on exact exported daily operands, native 0.25-degree sampling with the disclosed higher-coordinate tie rule, GHS-POP 2020 population weighting on reviewed estimated-FUA 2015 masks, and annual/monthly calculations with strict-threshold definition sensitivity. These derivatives are not source-produced city estimates.", "responsibility_notice": "Neither the European Commission nor ECMWF is responsible for any use that may be made of the Copernicus information or data in this publication.", "no_endorsement": "The original publishers have not endorsed BestCityToLive, AINT.app, Civometra, the historical estimated-area compatibility review, or these derived city-area values." } }, { "publisher": "European Commission Joint Research Centre", "title": "GHS-POP R2023A V1-0, 2020 modelled residential population counts", "url": "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/2ff68a52-5b5b-4a22-8f40-c41da8332cfe", "licence": "CC BY 4.0" }, { "publisher": "European Commission Joint Research Centre, in collaboration with OECD", "title": "GHS-FUA R2019A V1_0, estimated functional urban areas, 2015", "url": "https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/347f0337-f2da-4592-87b3-e25975ec2c95", "licence": "CC BY 4.0" } ], "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "current_engine_state": "accepted", "current_engine_evaluated_at": "2026-10-27", "current": { "admitted": true, "status": "accepted", "as_of": "2026-10-27", "reason": "A reviewed observation passes the configured admission checks." }, "review_status_meaning": "Historical review approval; current admission separately applies age and other engine checks.", "source_refs": { "weather_source_ref": "source-82ac6f7a3f0687eb", "app_source_ref": "source-46745581000ebca4", "population_source_ref": "source-f3189a9194a27e72" }, "attribution_source_refs": [ "source-82ac6f7a3f0687eb", "source-f3189a9194a27e72", "source-ef5611a3b029db1b" ], "monthly_status": "dependent-annual-contributions-not-independent-indicators", "notice": "Dated modelled annual heat research, using historical population and estimated boundaries. A counted UTC day reaches the daily-maximum UTCI threshold; it does not mean 24 hours at that threshold or individual measured exposure. Monthly rows are dependent contributions to one annual indicator, not independent admitted metrics, forecasts or climate normals. Current admission comes only from the engine; no composite score or official ranking is established." }, "reviewed_rental_vacancy_history": { "city_slug": "montreal", "city_name": "Montreal", "value": 2.9, "unit": "%", "period_start": "2025-10-01", "period_end": "2025-10-31", "temporal_basis": { "precision": "month", "source_period": "2025-10", "source_reference_window": "First two weeks of October; results reflect market conditions at that time. An exact single reference day is not reported.", "exact_reference_date": null, "calendar_period_start": "2025-10-01", "calendar_period_end": "2025-10-31", "age_reference_date": "2025-10-01", "age_reference_meaning": "Conservative first possible day of the reported survey month for the unchanged 730-day index age limit; this is an age anchor, not an observed survey date." }, "protocol_ref": "civometra.rental-vacancy.measurement@1.0.0", "geography_ref": "statcan-cma2021-v1-0:montreal", "evidence_id": "rental-vacancy-2025-cma2021-montreal", "source_area_id": "462", "source_area_name": "Montréal", "source_cma_uid": "462", "source_cmap_uid": "24462", "source_dguid": "2021S050524462", "source_dguid_scope": "Provincial CMA part; complete official layer proves exactly one part for this CMAUID.", "boundary_reference_year": 2021, "survey_month": "2025-10", "reported_universe_units": 668834, "vacant_unit_estimate": null, "original_published_value": "2.9", "quality_flags": [ { "code": "a", "label": "Excellent", "meaning": "Publisher reliability category for this vacancy proportion; based on CV, sampling fraction and universe size, not an exact standard error or confidence interval." } ], "uncertainty": { "status": "quality-category-reported-numeric-uncertainty-not-published", "note": "CMHC reports quality a (Excellent); exact standard error, CV, sample fraction and confidence interval are not published for this total. The average-rent CV thresholds do not apply to vacancy proportions.", "standard_error": null, "confidence_interval": null, "coefficient_of_variation": null }, "derivation": { "kind": "published-survey-rate", "published_rate": 2.9, "published_precision_percentage_points": 0.1, "reported_universe_units": 668834, "vacant_unit_estimate": null, "numerator_status": "Exact weighted vacant-unit numerator is not published; null, not inferred from a rounded rate.", "calculation": "Use the official published weighted combined apartment-and-row vacancy ratio at its original 0.1 percentage-point precision, paired with the publisher-reported qualifying rental-universe unit count. This is the original published estimate, not a recalculation from microdata. The exact weighted vacant-unit numerator is not published and remains null; never infer an observed vacant count by multiplying the rounded rate by the universe." }, "frame": { "url": "/data/source-frames/cmhc-rms-2025-montreal-ebd37ffbcea9.xlsx", "sha256": "ebd37ffbcea94c2432683224f3f1cab0a36456d3fe7fd8501c6f5882b2998d8d" }, "geography_frame": { "url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84-82c0dffde26a.json", "sha256": "82c0dffde26a5d30cf96899b47f22d824cba943b2ccd36e2719f245cf1fcc1f2" }, "native_geography_frame": { "url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-native-5a0393ee69c1.json", "sha256": "5a0393ee69c18ad2db94b833830ec1cdeb58fe45f9a499b8bd401b719dac1222" }, "source_url": "https://assets.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/sites/cmhc/professional/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data-tables/rental-market/rental-market-report-data-tables/2025/rmr-montreal-2025-en.xlsx?rev=1dcc0f0e-5c82-4c31-b8ea-51911650d27b", "source_record_ref": "Table 3.1.1 X55 (Oct-25, Total), Y55 (quality); Table 3.1.3 K55 (Oct-25, Total universe); Montréal CMA; 2021 census geographic definitions.", "licence": { "name": "CMHC Licence Agreement for the Use of Data", "url": "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data", "acknowledgement": "Source: Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation (CMHC), Rental Market Survey Data Tables, October 2025. This information is reproduced and distributed on an “as is” basis with the permission of CMHC.", "derived_notice": "Adapted from Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation, Rental Market Survey Data Tables, October 2025. This does not constitute an endorsement by Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation of this product.", "downstream_conditions_url": "https://www.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/professionals/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data/cmhc-licence-agreement-use-of-data" }, "source_attribution": [ { "publisher": "Canada Mortgage and Housing Corporation", "title": "Rental Market Survey Data Tables, October 2025; combined private apartment and row units", "url": "https://assets.cmhc-schl.gc.ca/sites/cmhc/professional/housing-markets-data-and-research/housing-data-tables/rental-market/rental-market-report-data-tables/2025/rmr-montreal-2025-en.xlsx?rev=1dcc0f0e-5c82-4c31-b8ea-51911650d27b", "licence": "CMHC Licence Agreement for the Use of Data" }, { "publisher": "Statistics Canada", "title": "2021 Census Digital Boundary Files; original CMA2021 identities and polygons", "url": "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6", "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence" } ], "review_status": "accepted", "scope_notice": "Official October 2025 weighted vacancy estimate for private apartment and row rental units combined in the exact 2021 official census metropolitan area: Montréal (CMAUID 462). One-decimal published precision; not apartment-only, all-rental-stock, availability or a 2026 market reading. The exact survey day and vacant-unit numerator are unknown. This source-specific CMA2021 binding is separate from the PM2015 area; no CMHC/Statistics Canada endorsement.", "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "source_refs": { "survey_source_ref": "source-997e9b2334882590", "licence_source_ref": "source-cdf1ed360db5ae6f", "downstream_conditions_source_ref": "source-cdf1ed360db5ae6f" }, "source_ref": "source-5b1de44ca8207bb2", "attribution_source_refs": [ "source-5b1de44ca8207bb2", "source-e2f3edd0cd9c4fe3" ], "scoring_boundary": { "id": "statcan-cma2021-v1-0:montreal", "city_slug": "montreal", "status": "reviewed", "scope": "functional-urban-area", "boundary_kind": "official-census-metropolitan-area", "authority": "Statistics Canada", "source_geography_id": "462", "source_name": "Montréal", "source_cmap_uid": "24462", "source_dguid": "2021S050524462", "source_dguid_as_published": "2021S050524462", "source_dguid_scope": "Provincial CMA part; complete official layer proves exactly one part for this CMAUID.", "boundary_vintage": "2021-01-01", "geography_edition": "2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, second edition", "version": "statcan-cma2021-v1.0.0", "source_frame_ref": "statcan-cma2021-462-native", "coordinate_source_frame_ref": "statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84", "crosswalk_method": "Exact source CMA name and 2021-definition note in the original CMHC tables, original CMAUID/CMAPUID/DGUID, complete 156-part layer and independent strict destination-point intersection with original agency WGS84 geometry.", "crosswalk": { "city_slug": "montreal", "source_cma_uid": "462", "source_cmap_uid": "24462", "source_dguid": "2021S050524462", "reference_point": { "latitude": 45.5017, "longitude": -73.5673, "role": "Inherited destination reference point used only for spatial matching; not a scored boundary." }, "complete_layer_proof": { "whole_layer_records": 156, "independent_objectid_records": 156, "attribute_objectids_equal_complete_id_set": true, "selected_cma_part_count": 1, "attribute_frame_ref": "rental-statcan-cma2021-all-identities", "attribute_archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-all-identities-0ee709dfc333.json", "attribute_archive_sha256": "0ee709dfc333a80ca2048a93ff6582730b7f262a8c4f68162ba7422eabb01bc3", "complete_objectid_frame_ref": "rental-statcan-cma2021-layer-objectids", "complete_objectid_archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-layer-objectids-ddc46b5729ff.json", "complete_objectid_archive_sha256": "ddc46b5729ff9dca9fbb29208db8c3e4a57b511f107a9fb7100cf6909327be8b" } }, "functional_definition": "Census Metropolitan Area 2021, Digital Boundary Files (DBF).\nA census metropolitan area (CMA) or a census agglomeration (CA) is formed by one or more adjacent municipalities centred on a population centre (known as the core). A CMA must have a total population of at least 100,000, based on data from the current Census of Population Program, of which 50,000 or more must live in the core based on adjusted data from the previous Census of Population Program. A CA must have a core population of at least 10,000 also based on data from the previous Census of Population Program. To be included in the CMA or CA, other adjacent municipalities must have a high degree of integration with the core, as measured by commuting flows derived from data on place of work from the previous Census Program. If the population of the core of a CA falls below 10,000, the CA is retired from the next census. However, once an area becomes a CMA, it is retained as a CMA even if its total population declines below 100,000 or the population of its core falls below 50,000. All areas inside the CMA or CA that are not population centres are rural areas. When a CA has a core of at least 50,000, based on data from the previous Census of Population, it is subdivided into census tracts. Census tracts are maintained for the CA even if the population of the core subsequently falls below 50,000. All CMAs are subdivided into census tracts.", "analytical_area_id": "statcan-cma2021:462", "boundary_label": "2021 official census metropolitan area: Montréal (CMAUID 462)", "shared_with": [], "approved_protocol_refs": [ "civometra.rental-vacancy.measurement@1.0.0" ], "reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "scoring_approved": true, "policy_decision_ref": "civometra-rental-vacancy-2025-initial-research-v1", "review_scope": "Direct publisher-reported CMA2021 rental aggregate, reviewed only for this rental protocol. Separate from PM2015; no OECD geometric equivalence, source-point proxy or CSD aggregation is claimed.", "geography_ref": "statcan-cma2021-v1-0:montreal", "geography_type_required": "harmonized-urban-area", "notice": "Scoped protocol permissions can repeat one unchanged physical boundary. Counts distinguish reviewed entries from unique destinations and analytical areas. Frozen 2015 estimated areas are not current observed commuting zones or 2025 urban centres.", "registry_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/api/v1/scoring-geographies.json", "source_frames": [ { "id": "statcan-cma2021-462-native", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-native-5a0393ee69c1.json", "sha256": "5a0393ee69c18ad2db94b833830ec1cdeb58fe45f9a499b8bd401b719dac1222", "source_urls": [ "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6/query?where=CMAUID%3D%27462%27&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=true&f=json", "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6" ], "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence", "licence_url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "Statistics Canada, 2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, reference date 1 January 2021; original native EPSG:3347 polygon. No endorsement.", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T21:30:41.285876+00:00", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-native-5a0393ee69c1.json", "source_ref": "source-6584937305233b29" }, { "id": "statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84", "archive_url": "/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84-82c0dffde26a.json", "sha256": "82c0dffde26a5d30cf96899b47f22d824cba943b2ccd36e2719f245cf1fcc1f2", "source_urls": [ "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6/query?where=CMAUID%3D%27462%27&outFields=%2A&returnGeometry=true&f=json&outSR=4326", "https://geo.statcan.gc.ca/geo_wa/rest/services/2021/Digital_boundary_files/MapServer/6" ], "licence": "Statistics Canada Open Licence", "licence_url": "https://www.statcan.gc.ca/en/reference/licence", "reuse_review": "permitted-with-attribution", "reuse_reviewed_at": "2026-10-26", "attribution": "Statistics Canada, 2021 Census Digital Boundary Files, original agency outSR=4326 polygon; no local simplification or repair. No endorsement.", "retrieved_at": "2026-10-26T21:52:10.932439+00:00", "archive_absolute_url": "https://bestcitytolive.com/data/source-frames/statcan-cma2021-462-wgs84-82c0dffde26a.json", "source_ref": "source-a64767ed678eeff3" } ] }, "current_engine_state": "accepted", "current_engine_evaluated_at": "2026-10-27", "current": { "admitted": true, "status": "accepted", "as_of": "2026-10-27", "reason": "A reviewed observation passes the configured admission checks." }, "review_status_meaning": "Historical source review approval, not a guarantee of current admission.", "notice": "A scoped Canadian CMHC survey cohort, not a global vacancy ranking or a measure of all rental housing. Rates describe the combined private apartment and row structures covered by the survey. Preserve the seasonal month, original CMA2021 identifiers, source quality and one-decimal precision. No exact fieldwork day, vacant-unit numerator or numeric confidence interval is invented. Historical review and current engine admission are separate; CMHC conditional data reuse terms apply." }, "reviewed_housing_supply_history": { "city_slug": "montreal", "city_name": "Montreal", "value": 4.695686254210404, "unit": "per 1000", "period_start": "2025-01-01", "period_end": "2025-12-31", "protocol_ref": "civometra.housing-supply.measurement@1.0.0", "geography_ref": "statcan-cma2021-housing-v1-0:montreal", "evidence_id": "housing-supply-2025-cma2021-montreal", "completion_count": 21590, "midyear_population": 4597837, "population_reference_date": "2025-07-01", "source_cma_uid": "462", "source_cmap_uid": "24462", "source_dguid": "2021S050524462", "source_dguid_scope": "Original 2021 provincial-part geometry DGUID, not a national CMA DGUID; complete source layer proves one part for this CMAUID.", "source_completion_dguid_as_published": "2011S0503462", "population_dguid_as_published": "2021S0503462", "source_area_id": "462", "source_area_name": "Montréal", "analytical_area_id": "statcan-cma2021:462", "boundary_reference_year": 2021, "population_reference_year": 2025, "completion_standard": "Official CMHC construction-stage completion: generally all proposed work has been performed, although up to 10% may remain under some circumstances. For multi-dwelling buildings the stage applies to the structure; the reported counts are dwelling units. This is not legal occupancy certification, actual occupation, sale or absorption.", "population_status": "preliminary-postcensal", "source_geography_adapter": "Native CMHC December 2025 workbook Notes!A2 explicitly assigns SGC2021 Census geography from January 2023. The annual/monthly Statistics Canada completion CSVs retain literal 2011-prefixed national-CMA DGUIDs; their cause is not asserted and they are never rewritten. The population table explicitly uses national CMA2021 DGUIDs. Original CMA classification codes, names, native workbook totals/notes, the complete 156-feature CMA/CA provincial-part source inventory (42 CMA B, 105 CA D, 9 tracted CA K features), and exact agency polygons bind this reviewed source adapter. All four selected units are type B CMAs, each with one provincial part. No equivalence with PM/heat estimated-FUA2015 is claimed.", "derivation": { "kind": "gross-completions-per-midyear-resident", "calculation": "1000 * gross CMHC calendar-year new-dwelling completions / Statistics Canada July 1 resident population estimate in the same reviewed CMA2021 area. Retain exact integer operands and rational arithmetic; no net additions, starts, permits, conversions or seasonal annualization.", "completion_count": 21590, "midyear_population": 4597837, "scale": 1000, "exact_rational": { "numerator": 21590000, "denominator": 4597837, "decimal_28_digit_context": "4.695686254210403718096139554", "expression": "1000 * 21590 / 4597837" }, "calendar_period": { "start": "2025-01-01", "end": "2025-12-31", "year": 2025 }, "population_reference_date": "2025-07-01", "population_status": "preliminary-postcensal", "gross_or_net": "gross-new-build", "all_intended_markets": true, "completion_standard": "Official CMHC construction-stage completion: generally all proposed work has been performed, although up to 10% may remain under some circumstances. For multi-dwelling buildings the stage applies to the structure; the reported counts are dwelling units. This is not legal occupancy certification, actual occupation, sale or absorption.", "dwelling_definition": "Gross new self-contained dwelling units on new permanent foundations, designed for non-transient year-round occupancy, completed under the official CMHC structural milestone, all intended markets (homeownership, rental, condominium and co-operative). Denominator: the official Statistics Canada all-age, total-gender July 1 population estimate in the exact same CMA2021 source area. Existing-foundation conversions/alterations, net-stock adjustments, demolitions, seasonal/transient and collective accommodation are excluded from the numerator.", "source_geography_adapter": "Native CMHC December 2025 workbook Notes!A2 explicitly assigns SGC2021 Census geography from January 2023. The annual/monthly Statistics Canada completion CSVs retain literal 2011-prefixed national-CMA DGUIDs; their cause is not asserted and they are never rewritten. The population table explicitly uses national CMA2021 DGUIDs. Original CMA classification codes, names, native workbook totals/notes, the complete 156-feature CMA/CA provincial-part source inventory (42 CMA B, 105 CA D, 9 tracted CA K features), and exact agency polygons bind this reviewed source adapter. All four selected units are type B CMAs, each with one provincial part. No equivalence with PM/heat estimated-FUA2015 is claimed.", "source_cma_uid": "462", "source_cmap_uid": "24462", "source_provincial_part_dguid": "2021S050524462", "source_completion_dguid_as_published": "2011S0503462", "population_dguid_as_published": "2021S0503462", "completion_by_dwelling_type": { "Single-detached units": 1255, "Semi-detached units": 331, "Row units": 700, "Apartment and other unit types": 19304 }, "completion_by_intended_market": { "homeownership": { "raw": "2265", "value": 2265, "source_cell": "C26" }, "rental": { "raw": "16436", "value": 16436, "source_cell": "D26" }, "condominium": { "raw": "2778", "value": 2778, "source_cell": "E26" }, "cooperative": { "raw": "111", "value": 111, "source_cell": "F26" } }, "original_source_records": { "annual": { "filename": "statcan-34100134-eng.zip", "sha256": "b72f17d6d9f419cd5881500e60e9f7399f1a50c06aa88ef3e629705ac2b8b95f", "member": "34100134.csv", "csv_data_row_1based": 30637, "csv_line_1based": 30638, "raw_source_record": { "REF_DATE": "2025", "GEO": "Montréal, Quebec", "DGUID": "2011S0503462", "Housing estimates": "Housing completions", "Type of unit": "Total units", "UOM": "Units", "UOM_ID": "300", "SCALAR_FACTOR": "units", "SCALAR_ID": "0", "VECTOR": "v42128175", "COORDINATE": "9.3.1", "VALUE": "21590", "STATUS": "", "SYMBOL": "", "TERMINATED": "", "DECIMALS": "0" } }, "monthly": { "filename": "statcan-34100154-eng.zip", "sha256": "0b6bfd429925c0de6102e9b15b6f1946bb7fc5a05b08534e12ed9df75d6d5f13", "member": "34100154.csv", "records": [ { "csv_data_row_1based": 332876, "csv_line_1based": 332877, "raw_source_record": { "REF_DATE": "2025-01", "GEO": "Montréal, Quebec", "DGUID": "2011S0503462", "Housing estimates": "Housing completions", "Type of unit": "Total units", "UOM": "Units", "UOM_ID": "300", "SCALAR_FACTOR": "units", "SCALAR_ID": "0", "VECTOR": "v42127575", "COORDINATE": "29.3.1", "VALUE": "1450", "STATUS": "", "SYMBOL": "", "TERMINATED": "", "DECIMALS": "0" } }, { "csv_data_row_1based": 333416, "csv_line_1based": 333417, "raw_source_record": { "REF_DATE": "2025-02", "GEO": "Montréal, Quebec", "DGUID": "2011S0503462", "Housing estimates": "Housing completions", "Type of unit": "Total units", "UOM": "Units", "UOM_ID": "300", "SCALAR_FACTOR": "units", "SCALAR_ID": "0", "VECTOR": "v42127575", "COORDINATE": "29.3.1", "VALUE": "934", "STATUS": "", "SYMBOL": "", "TERMINATED": "", "DECIMALS": "0" } }, { "csv_data_row_1based": 333956, "csv_line_1based": 333957, "raw_source_record": { "REF_DATE": "2025-03", "GEO": "Montréal, Quebec", "DGUID": "2011S0503462", "Housing estimates": "Housing completions", "Type of unit": "Total units", "UOM": "Units", "UOM_ID": "300", "SCALAR_FACTOR": "units", "SCALAR_ID": "0", "VECTOR": "v42127575", "COORDINATE": "29.3.1", "VALUE": "1224", "STATUS": "", "SYMBOL": "", "TERMINATED": "", "DECIMALS": "0" } }, { "csv_data_row_1based": 334496, "csv_line_1based": 334497, "raw_source_record": { "REF_DATE": "2025-04", "GEO": "Montréal, Quebec", "DGUID": "2011S0503462", "Housing estimates": "Housing completions", "Type of unit": "Total units", "UOM": "Units", "UOM_ID": "300", "SCALAR_FACTOR": "units", "SCALAR_ID": "0", "VECTOR": "v42127575", "COORDINATE": "29.3.1", "VALUE": "1697", "STATUS": "", "SYMBOL": "", "TERMINATED": "", "DECIMALS": "0" } }, { "csv_data_row_1based": 335036, "csv_line_1based": 335037, "raw_source_record": { "REF_DATE": "2025-05", "GEO": "Montréal, Quebec", "DGUID": "2011S0503462", "Housing estimates": "Housing completions", "Type of unit": "Total units", "UOM": "Units", "UOM_ID": "300", "SCALAR_FACTOR": "units", "SCALAR_ID": "0", "VECTOR": "v42127575", "COORDINATE": "29.3.1", "VALUE": "1669", "STATUS": "", "SYMBOL": "", "TERMINATED": "", "DECIMALS": "0" } }, { "csv_data_row_1based": 335576, "csv_line_1based": 335577, "raw_source_record": { "REF_DATE": "2025-06", "GEO": "Montréal, Quebec", "DGUID": "2011S0503462", "Housing estimates": "Housing completions", "Type of unit": "Total units", "UOM": "Units", "UOM_ID": "300", "SCALAR_FACTOR": "units", "SCALAR_ID": "0", "VECTOR": "v42127575", "COORDINATE": "29.3.1", "VALUE": "2011", "STATUS": "", "SYMBOL": "", "TERMINATED": "", "DECIMALS": "0" } }, { "csv_data_row_1based": 336116, "csv_line_1based": 336117, "raw_source_record": { "REF_DATE": "2025-07", "GEO": "Montréal, Quebec", "DGUID": "2011S0503462", "Housing estimates": "Housing completions", "Type of unit": "Total units", "UOM": "Units", "UOM_ID": "300", "SCALAR_FACTOR": "units", "SCALAR_ID": "0", "VECTOR": "v42127575", "COORDINATE": "29.3.1", "VALUE": "3183", "STATUS": "", "SYMBOL": "", "TERMINATED": "", "DECIMALS": "0" } }, { "csv_data_row_1based": 336656, "csv_line_1based": 336657, "raw_source_record": { "REF_DATE": "2025-08", "GEO": "Montréal, Quebec", "DGUID": "2011S0503462", "Housing estimates": "Housing completions", "Type of unit": "Total units", "UOM": "Units", "UOM_ID": "300", "SCALAR_FACTOR": "units", "SCALAR_ID": "0", "VECTOR": "v42127575", "COORDINATE": "29.3.1", "VALUE": "1876", "STATUS": "", "SYMBOL": "", "TERMINATED": "", "DECIMALS": "0" } }, { "csv_data_row_1based": 337196, "csv_line_1based": 337197, "raw_source_record": { "REF_DATE": "2025-09", "GEO": "Montréal, Quebec", "DGUID": "2011S0503462", "Housing estimates": "Housing completions", "Type of unit": "Total units", "UOM": "Units", "UOM_ID": "300", "SCALAR_FACTOR": "units", "SCALAR_ID": "0", "VECTOR": "v42127575", "COORDINATE": "29.3.1", "VALUE": "1265", "STATUS": "", "SYMBOL": "", "TERMINATED": "", "DECIMALS": "0" } }, { "csv_data_row_1based": 337736, "csv_line_1based": 337737, "raw_source_record": { "REF_DATE": "2025-10", "GEO": "Montréal, Quebec", "DGUID": "2011S0503462", "Housing estimates": "Housing completions", "Type of unit": "Total units", "UOM": "Units", "UOM_ID": "300", "SCALAR_FACTOR": "units", "SCALAR_ID": "0", "VECTOR": "v42127575", "COORDINATE": "29.3.1", "VALUE": "1738", "STATUS": "", "SYMBOL": "", "TERMINATED": "", "DECIMALS": "0" } }, { "csv_data_row_1based": 338276, "csv_line_1based": 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"csv_data_row_1based": 1751566, "csv_line_1based": 1751567, "raw_source_record": { "REF_DATE": "2025", "GEO": "Montréal (CMA), Quebec", "DGUID": "2021S0503462", "Gender": "Total - gender", "Age group": "All ages", "UOM": "Persons", "UOM_ID": "249", "SCALAR_FACTOR": "units", "SCALAR_ID": "0", "VECTOR": "v1589878032", "COORDINATE": "14.1.1", "VALUE": "4597837", "STATUS": "", "SYMBOL": "", "TERMINATED": "", "DECIMALS": "0" } }, "native_workbook": { "filename": "cmhc-completions-geography-dec2025.xlsx", "sha256": "5ca133946244c91dbc0c3119d266dc18a0672795686ea5c5eb18bec1fc739171", "sheet": "Table A6_1", "total_cell": "K27", "geography_cell": "A27" }, "intended_market_workbook": { "filename": "cmhc-completions-intended-market-dec2025.xlsx", "sha256": "6d5fbb63d6ec879c42b42ae41d3fe3e7ed262aeae989b8a449a69262ef7c2fc0", "sheet": "Table F6-4", "total_cell": "G26", "geography_cell": "B26" } }, "original_source_archives": { "cmhc-geography": { "id": "housing-2025-cmhc-geography", "url": 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