# Urban fabric — 250 destinations /246 source footprints

Snapshot: bctl-destinations-d6dbaa162546bba3e2a4

The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.
The research download retains 46 related source columns and 11,500 destination cells, not 46 independent livability indicators. Shared footprints, historical epochs, common inputs and derived ratios repeat information. Censored and ambiguous-period fields are retained explicitly. None of these records is admitted to a global ranking.

Modeled greenness exposure
The publisher estimates the share of population living in areas classified as having high greenness. Its method combines a 300-metre buffer of built-up cells, three-year average satellite NDVI, population grids and thresholds that vary by agro-ecological zone.
This measures modeled exposure to vegetation. It does not measure access to public parks, public ownership, tree-canopy cover, walking routes or how green every neighborhood feels. The source factsheet does not specify the exact three-year NDVI calendar window. The 2025 population is projected; the footprint is the 2025 morphological urban centre.
No source confidence interval is provided in this thematic table. Model, mapping and threshold uncertainty remains.

Mapped road density
Mapped road length inside the urban-centre footprint, divided by that footprint’s area. The road source is Overture Maps, accessed by the publisher on 24 July 2024. Source units are m/m2; the displayed unit conversion multiplies by 1000.
This describes the intensity of the mapped road network. It does not measure walkability, transit frequency, congestion, road quality or road safety. More road density is not automatically better. The mapped roads refer to 2024 and the common urban-centre boundary to 2025.
No source confidence interval or mapping-completeness estimate is provided for these city records.

### Abu Dhabi — Abu Dhabi
- Native source footprint: 325; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.510646737%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 20.433723 km/km2 = 0.020433723 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2186408.336 m; source footprint area 107 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Abuja — Abuja
- Native source footprint: 7471; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.20953055%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 13.344446 km/km2 = 0.013344446 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 4256878.276 m; source footprint area 319 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Accra — Accra
- Native source footprint: 3175; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.569598274%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 14.099438 km/km2 = 0.014099438 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 15805469.52 m; source footprint area 1121 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Addis Ababa — Addis Ababa
- Native source footprint: 5862; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.68974224%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 16.890662 km/km2 = 0.016890662 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 7854157.922 m; source footprint area 465 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Adelaide — Adelaide
- Native source footprint: 1029; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 3.514987459%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.336429 km/km2 = 0.018336429 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 9039859.672 m; source footprint area 493 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Ahmedabad — Ahmedabad
- Native source footprint: 6143; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.11386777%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 17.600476 km/km2 = 0.017600476 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 6424173.692 m; source footprint area 365 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Alicante — Alicante
- Native source footprint: 4485; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.259788407%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 23.017695 km/km2 = 0.023017695 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1703309.452 m; source footprint area 74 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Amman — Amman
- Native source footprint: 992; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.028657777%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 16.598042 km/km2 = 0.016598042 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 8630982.087 m; source footprint area 520 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Amsterdam — Amsterdam
- Native source footprint: 1590; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 6.112402713%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 26.86597 km/km2 = 0.02686597 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 8274718.812 m; source footprint area 308 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Ankara — Ankara
- Native source footprint: 4921; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.304536468%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.21571 km/km2 = 0.01821571 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 6503008.6 m; source footprint area 357 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Antwerp — Antwerp
- Native source footprint: 1069; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 6.387388574%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 15.669728 km/km2 = 0.015669728 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 5124000.915 m; source footprint area 327 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Asunción — Asuncion
- Native source footprint: 217; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 20.26465659%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 17.574017 km/km2 = 0.017574017 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 6730848.511 m; source footprint area 383 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Athens — Athens
- Native source footprint: 854; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.064548178%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 25.064325 km/km2 = 0.025064325 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 10326502.03 m; source footprint area 412 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Atlanta — Atlanta
- Native source footprint: 7219; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 25.90656244%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 22.021728 km/km2 = 0.022021728 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 6430344.621 m; source footprint area 292 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Auckland — Auckland
- Native source footprint: 1147; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 28.32027023%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.204394 km/km2 = 0.018204394 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 11614403.47 m; source footprint area 638 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: false; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Austin — Austin
- Native source footprint: 5951; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 64.15860717%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 25.528027 km/km2 = 0.025528027 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 16031601.15 m; source footprint area 628 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Baltimore — Baltimore
- Native source footprint: 7959; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 34.60015604%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 22.531512 km/km2 = 0.022531512 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 10116649.08 m; source footprint area 449 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Bangalore — Bengaluru
- Native source footprint: 9558; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 2.137234119%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 20.367944 km/km2 = 0.020367944 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 20530887.64 m; source footprint area 1008 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Bangkok — Bangkok
- Native source footprint: 2315; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 5.412499109%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.148706 km/km2 = 0.018148706 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 48947061.23 m; source footprint area 2697 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Barcelona — Barcelona
- Native source footprint: 5071; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.0662581%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 27.069183 km/km2 = 0.027069183 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 11856302.3 m; source footprint area 438 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Basel — Basel
- Native source footprint: 1073; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 12.32519808%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 26.960922 km/km2 = 0.026960922 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1833342.73 m; source footprint area 68 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Beijing — Beijing
- Native source footprint: 8745; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 2.286317992%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 11.219213 km/km2 = 0.011219213 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 24446664.58 m; source footprint area 2179 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Beirut — Beirut
- Native source footprint: 458; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.155881127%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 15.073253 km/km2 = 0.015073253 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2999577.335 m; source footprint area 199 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Belfast — Belfast
- Native source footprint: 235; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 9.93452865%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 20.64846 km/km2 = 0.02064846 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 3076620.501 m; source footprint area 149 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Belgrade — Belgrade
- Native source footprint: 573; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 6.698714678%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 22.263804 km/km2 = 0.022263804 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 4252386.477 m; source footprint area 191 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Bergen — Bergen
- Native source footprint: 66; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 99.99528086%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 23.62429 km/km2 = 0.02362429 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1181214.517 m; source footprint area 50 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Berlin — Berlin
- Native source footprint: 5483; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 31.96932032%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 33.194597 km/km2 = 0.033194597 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 22605520.87 m; source footprint area 681 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Bilbao — Bilbao
- Native source footprint: 3974; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 2.301963858%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 22.548169 km/km2 = 0.022548169 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2390105.926 m; source footprint area 106 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Birmingham — Birmingham
- Native source footprint: 3888; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 10.20349234%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 19.239805 km/km2 = 0.019239805 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 13179266.47 m; source footprint area 685 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Bogotá — Bogota
- Native source footprint: 3881; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 2.169346979%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 26.432199 km/km2 = 0.026432199 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 14114794 m; source footprint area 534 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Bologna — Bologna
- Native source footprint: 3065; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.394474389%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 22.478262 km/km2 = 0.022478262 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2562521.919 m; source footprint area 114 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Bordeaux — Bordeaux
- Native source footprint: 1285; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 2.525510448%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 24.497617 km/km2 = 0.024497617 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 5095504.397 m; source footprint area 208 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Boston — Boston
- Native source footprint: 8255; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 22.04693183%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 25.60527 km/km2 = 0.02560527 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 13007477.29 m; source footprint area 508 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Braga — Braga
- Native source footprint: 1172; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.633336377%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 23.922901 km/km2 = 0.023922901 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 454535.1147 m; source footprint area 19 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Brasília — Brasilia
- Native source footprint: 5855; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.436554035%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 19.360857 km/km2 = 0.019360857 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 5479122.615 m; source footprint area 283 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Bratislava — Bratislava
- Native source footprint: 89; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 4.038259536%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 39.051712 km/km2 = 0.039051712 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 3280343.8 m; source footprint area 84 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Brisbane — Brisbane
- Native source footprint: 2734; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 10.75175427%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 19.445108 km/km2 = 0.019445108 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 13631020.39 m; source footprint area 701 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Bristol — Bristol
- Native source footprint: 3058; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 4.919161474%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 23.729887 km/km2 = 0.023729887 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 4105270.462 m; source footprint area 173 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Brussels — Brussels
- Native source footprint: 1290; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 8.417935651%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 28.411375 km/km2 = 0.028411375 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 6676673.198 m; source footprint area 235 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Bucharest — Bucharest
- Native source footprint: 2359; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 4.320390061%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.025061 km/km2 = 0.021025061 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 5466515.888 m; source footprint area 260 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Budapest — Budapest
- Native source footprint: 964; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 10.89096495%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 22.95968 km/km2 = 0.02295968 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 8449162.232 m; source footprint area 368 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Buenos Aires — Buenos Aires
- Native source footprint: 4443; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 4.71485888%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 16.933853 km/km2 = 0.016933853 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 37017403.35 m; source footprint area 2186 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Busan — Busan
- Native source footprint: 3920; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 3.52147345%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 13.406212 km/km2 = 0.013406212 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 4759205.221 m; source footprint area 355 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: false; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Cairo — Cairo
- Native source footprint: 4605; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 3.076070953%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 19.22719 km/km2 = 0.01922719 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 32301679.77 m; source footprint area 1680 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Calgary — Calgary
- Native source footprint: 1262; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 2.116371511%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 24.828453 km/km2 = 0.024828453 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 13233565.25 m; source footprint area 533 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Canberra — North Canberra [Canberra]
- Native source footprint: 1922; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 42.68891345%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 34.037397 km/km2 = 0.034037397 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 714785.3333 m; source footprint area 21 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Cape Town — Cape Town
- Native source footprint: 431; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.796833094%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 19.789284 km/km2 = 0.019789284 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 13753552.2 m; source footprint area 695 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Cardiff — Cardiff
- Native source footprint: 1943; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 4.241918607%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.28984 km/km2 = 0.02128984 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2405751.917 m; source footprint area 113 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Cartagena — Cartagena
- Native source footprint: 3275; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.759511187%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 16.125268 km/km2 = 0.016125268 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1838280.561 m; source footprint area 114 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Casablanca — Casablanca
- Native source footprint: 2102; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.116826414%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 15.598891 km/km2 = 0.015598891 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 6473539.663 m; source footprint area 415 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Cebu City — Cebu City
- Native source footprint: 5065; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 9.324080899%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 10.153786 km/km2 = 0.010153786 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 4223975.047 m; source footprint area 416 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Charlotte — Charlotte
- Native source footprint: 7707; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 52.07438577%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 27.612849 km/km2 = 0.027612849 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 3617283.27 m; source footprint area 131 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Chengdu — Chengdu
- Native source footprint: 6378; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 3.244953462%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 11.722303 km/km2 = 0.011722303 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 10163236.29 m; source footprint area 867 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Chennai — Chennai
- Native source footprint: 10300; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 4.818383633%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 15.274266 km/km2 = 0.015274266 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 16068527.32 m; source footprint area 1052 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Chiang Mai — Chiang Mai
- Native source footprint: 173; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 9.024795295%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 17.356619 km/km2 = 0.017356619 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 3905239.195 m; source footprint area 225 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Chicago — Chicago
- Native source footprint: 7532; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 16.08839499%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 25.071316 km/km2 = 0.025071316 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 51295911.55 m; source footprint area 2046 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Chișinău — Chișinău
- Native source footprint: 442; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 10.89834474%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 24.933466 km/km2 = 0.024933466 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2518280.042 m; source footprint area 101 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Christchurch — Christchurch
- Native source footprint: 353; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 2.116736181%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.932918 km/km2 = 0.021932918 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2719681.868 m; source footprint area 124 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Cleveland — Cleveland
- Native source footprint: 7833; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 22.41318338%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.655063 km/km2 = 0.018655063 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 7704541.09 m; source footprint area 413 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Cologne — Cologne
- Native source footprint: 1186; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 15.56177622%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 23.435384 km/km2 = 0.023435384 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 6936873.668 m; source footprint area 296 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Colombo — Colombo [Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte]
- Native source footprint: 632; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 47.75038496%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 9.737332 km/km2 = 0.009737332 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 11743222.58 m; source footprint area 1206 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Columbus — Columbus
- Native source footprint: 7735; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 13.09576425%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.766645 km/km2 = 0.021766645 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 9620856.98 m; source footprint area 442 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Copenhagen — Copenhagen
- Native source footprint: 698; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 3.906521783%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 25.73453 km/km2 = 0.02573453 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 7771828.061 m; source footprint area 302 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Córdoba — Cordoba
- Native source footprint: 2335; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.588158233%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.369467 km/km2 = 0.018369467 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 5878229.452 m; source footprint area 320 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Cuenca — Cuenca
- Native source footprint: 2249; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 4.15363369%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.654901 km/km2 = 0.018654901 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1660286.149 m; source footprint area 89 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Curitiba — Curitiba
- Native source footprint: 6350; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 3.630376681%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 16.626555 km/km2 = 0.016626555 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 9410630.357 m; source footprint area 566 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Da Nang — Đà Nẵng
- Native source footprint: 5294; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 2.36617981%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 14.222341 km/km2 = 0.014222341 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 3200026.789 m; source footprint area 225 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Dakar — Dakar
- Native source footprint: 39; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.063908422%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 20.983486 km/km2 = 0.020983486 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 5812425.489 m; source footprint area 277 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Dallas — Dallas
- Native source footprint: 6397; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 49.17335386%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 25.019363 km/km2 = 0.025019363 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 30948952.46 m; source footprint area 1237 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Delhi — New Delhi
- Native source footprint: 7963; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.700219973%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.757882 km/km2 = 0.018757882 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 40123108.8 m; source footprint area 2139 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Denver — Denver
- Native source footprint: 5932; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 4.482594662%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 26.226021 km/km2 = 0.026226021 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 31313868.86 m; source footprint area 1194 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Detroit — Detroit
- Native source footprint: 7784; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 22.16437324%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 31.109368 km/km2 = 0.031109368 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 36397961 m; source footprint area 1170 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Doha — Doha
- Native source footprint: 153; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.079564004%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 20.41859 km/km2 = 0.02041859 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 8004087.157 m; source footprint area 392 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Dubai — Dubai
- Native source footprint: 1007; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.757757672%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.825022 km/km2 = 0.021825022 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 18638569.05 m; source footprint area 854 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Dublin — Dublin
- Native source footprint: 394; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 5.675355092%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 27.530048 km/km2 = 0.027530048 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 8286544.31 m; source footprint area 301 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Durban — Durban
- Native source footprint: 4787; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 17.65844592%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 12.898982 km/km2 = 0.012898982 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 10409478.69 m; source footprint area 807 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Düsseldorf — Dusseldorf
- Native source footprint: 826; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 14.91892009%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 24.805101 km/km2 = 0.024805101 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 6102054.83 m; source footprint area 246 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Edinburgh — Edinburgh
- Native source footprint: 2186; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 5.016714292%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 22.160288 km/km2 = 0.022160288 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2880837.461 m; source footprint area 130 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Edmonton — Edmonton
- Native source footprint: 1564; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 6.902769118%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 23.781422 km/km2 = 0.023781422 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 10344918.63 m; source footprint area 435 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Florence — Florence
- Native source footprint: 3005; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 8.23253698%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 22.673996 km/km2 = 0.022673996 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 4444103.135 m; source footprint area 196 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Florianópolis — Florianópolis
- Native source footprint: 6961; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 5.727923642%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 14.193025 km/km2 = 0.014193025 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2583130.545 m; source footprint area 182 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Frankfurt — Frankfurt
- Native source footprint: 3400; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 8.64269381%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 26.900107 km/km2 = 0.026900107 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 5191720.735 m; source footprint area 193 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Fukuoka — Fukuoka
- Native source footprint: 907; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.882189476%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.813967 km/km2 = 0.021813967 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 9816285.04 m; source footprint area 450 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Gdańsk — Gdansk
- Native source footprint: 2198; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 7.840130648%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 36.851217 km/km2 = 0.036851217 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 3979931.464 m; source footprint area 108 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Geneva — Geneva
- Native source footprint: 69; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 5.8381711%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 35.364682 km/km2 = 0.035364682 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2616986.437 m; source footprint area 74 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### George Town — George Town
- Native source footprint: 176; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 6.269212427%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 19.405946 km/km2 = 0.019405946 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2600396.745 m; source footprint area 134 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Ghent — Ghent
- Native source footprint: 689; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 6.263812292%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 20.701526 km/km2 = 0.020701526 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1945943.477 m; source footprint area 94 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Glasgow — Glasgow
- Native source footprint: 683; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 16.39936006%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.415739 km/km2 = 0.021415739 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 6617463.22 m; source footprint area 309 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Gold Coast — Gold Coast
- Native source footprint: 2798; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 7.44619617%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 16.800957 km/km2 = 0.016800957 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2822560.805 m; source footprint area 168 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Gothenburg — Gothenburg
- Native source footprint: 75; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 10.67070164%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 28.178674 km/km2 = 0.028178674 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 5382126.794 m; source footprint area 191 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Graz — Graz
- Native source footprint: 961; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 21.65547151%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 31.350823 km/km2 = 0.031350823 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2382662.522 m; source footprint area 76 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Guadalajara — Guadalajara
- Native source footprint: 3105; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.131147832%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 22.199132 km/km2 = 0.022199132 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 13275081.04 m; source footprint area 598 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Guangzhou — Guangzhou
- Native source footprint: 10933; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 2.970185049%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 8.880101 km/km2 = 0.008880101 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 57312172.19 m; source footprint area 6454 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: bctl:shenzhen. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Guatemala City — Guatemala City
- Native source footprint: 2089; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 3.950423844%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 14.467861 km/km2 = 0.014467861 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 6799894.848 m; source footprint area 470 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Halifax — Halifax
- Native source footprint: 4055; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 62.79479214%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 15.97385 km/km2 = 0.01597385 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1645306.6 m; source footprint area 103 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Hamburg — Hamburg
- Native source footprint: 4184; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 32.86093157%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 24.025252 km/km2 = 0.024025252 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 11484070.29 m; source footprint area 478 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Hamilton — Hamilton
- Native source footprint: 2679; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 11.60877647%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 17.524828 km/km2 = 0.017524828 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 3031795.187 m; source footprint area 173 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Hangzhou — Hangzhou
- Native source footprint: 11311; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.623556993%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 10.198047 km/km2 = 0.010198047 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 15470437.05 m; source footprint area 1517 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Hanoi — Hanoi
- Native source footprint: 1999; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 4.591481426%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 15.340519 km/km2 = 0.015340519 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 14189980.36 m; source footprint area 925 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Helsinki — Helsinki
- Native source footprint: 572; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.54482947%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 32.452754 km/km2 = 0.032452754 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 12364499.45 m; source footprint area 381 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Ho Chi Minh City — Ho Chi Minh City
- Native source footprint: 5239; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 2.10524532%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 15.541739 km/km2 = 0.015541739 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 23110566.32 m; source footprint area 1487 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Hobart — Hobart
- Native source footprint: 781; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.501278665%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 17.366583 km/km2 = 0.017366583 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 798862.8062 m; source footprint area 46 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Hong Kong — Hong Kong
- Native source footprint: 11185; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 4.989328087%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 23.450447 km/km2 = 0.023450447 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 5159098.407 m; source footprint area 220 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: false; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Honolulu — Honolulu
- Native source footprint: 193; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 11.84490494%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 13.95539 km/km2 = 0.01395539 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2470103.991 m; source footprint area 177 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Houston — Houston
- Native source footprint: 6167; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 56.52479458%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 19.062618 km/km2 = 0.019062618 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 35437405.94 m; source footprint area 1859 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Hyderabad — Hyderabad
- Native source footprint: 9524; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.198133394%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.275102 km/km2 = 0.021275102 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 18913565.9 m; source footprint area 889 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Incheon — Seoul
- Native source footprint: 348; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 3.428252869%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 17.863458 km/km2 = 0.017863458 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 40764410.61 m; source footprint area 2282 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: bctl:seoul. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Istanbul — Istanbul
- Native source footprint: 2637; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.637190824%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 19.524564 km/km2 = 0.019524564 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 24776672.17 m; source footprint area 1269 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: false; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Izmir — Izmir
- Native source footprint: 1094; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.264417076%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 20.216434 km/km2 = 0.020216434 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 6206445.265 m; source footprint area 307 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Jakarta — Jakarta
- Native source footprint: 5472; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 6.789435713%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 15.948051 km/km2 = 0.015948051 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 73584308.19 m; source footprint area 4614 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Jeddah — Jeddah
- Native source footprint: 1112; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.059701802%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 13.775858 km/km2 = 0.013775858 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 9587996.828 m; source footprint area 696 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Johannesburg — Johannesburg
- Native source footprint: 3512; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 2.807571159%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 13.955652 km/km2 = 0.013955652 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 24506124.15 m; source footprint area 1756 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Johor Bahru — Johor Bahru
- Native source footprint: 2979; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 7.429669782%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 19.655464 km/km2 = 0.019655464 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 8215984.051 m; source footprint area 418 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Kaohsiung — Kaohsiung
- Native source footprint: 1919; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.534434056%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 17.405301 km/km2 = 0.017405301 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 6474771.909 m; source footprint area 372 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Kathmandu — Kathmandu
- Native source footprint: 1822; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.871497213%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 14.197102 km/km2 = 0.014197102 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 4968985.834 m; source footprint area 350 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Kigali — Kigali
- Native source footprint: 597; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 4.759859332%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 10.800059 km/km2 = 0.010800059 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 3088816.958 m; source footprint area 286 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Kingston — Kingston
- Native source footprint: 795; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 14.20310744%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 13.182296 km/km2 = 0.013182296 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1555510.951 m; source footprint area 118 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Kitchener–Waterloo — Kitchener
- Native source footprint: 2408; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 21.16883171%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 30.677 km/km2 = 0.030677 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 4509518.934 m; source footprint area 147 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Kraków — Krakow
- Native source footprint: 3662; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 25.48377729%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 33.602244 km/km2 = 0.033602244 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 5913994.869 m; source footprint area 176 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Kuala Lumpur — Kuala Lumpur
- Native source footprint: 1648; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 7.236041026%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.693029 km/km2 = 0.021693029 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 29068659.23 m; source footprint area 1340 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Kyoto — Osaka
- Native source footprint: 4399; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.320801864%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 24.782212 km/km2 = 0.024782212 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 54818252.29 m; source footprint area 2212 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: bctl:osaka. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### La Paz — La Paz
- Native source footprint: 212; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.09769204%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 23.919168 km/km2 = 0.023919168 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 6960477.94 m; source footprint area 291 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Lagos — Lagos
- Native source footprint: 1289; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.867145748%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 12.478233 km/km2 = 0.012478233 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 14961401.22 m; source footprint area 1199 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Las Vegas — Las Vegas
- Native source footprint: 4625; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.51353825%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 23.623972 km/km2 = 0.023623972 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 20104000.14 m; source footprint area 851 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Lausanne — Lausanne
- Native source footprint: 247; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 13.3112903%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 25.394253 km/km2 = 0.025394253 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1904568.977 m; source footprint area 75 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Leeds — Leeds
- Native source footprint: 4332; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 13.39140832%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.785195 km/km2 = 0.021785195 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 6993047.477 m; source footprint area 321 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Leipzig — Leipzig
- Native source footprint: 5304; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 18.55503803%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 25.52962 km/km2 = 0.02552962 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 4595331.53 m; source footprint area 180 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Lille — Lille
- Native source footprint: 3449; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 8.022960378%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 23.491992 km/km2 = 0.023491992 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 5356174.104 m; source footprint area 228 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Lima — Lima
- Native source footprint: 2171; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.702817187%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 22.089235 km/km2 = 0.022089235 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 21735807.5 m; source footprint area 984 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Lisbon — Lisbon
- Native source footprint: 231; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.83521308%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.89036 km/km2 = 0.02189036 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 9325293.262 m; source footprint area 426 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: false; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Liverpool — Liverpool
- Native source footprint: 2264; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 5.202076056%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 19.602049 km/km2 = 0.019602049 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 7605595.148 m; source footprint area 388 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: false; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Ljubljana — Ljubljana
- Native source footprint: 82; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 7.517829786%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 31.113274 km/km2 = 0.031113274 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2022362.787 m; source footprint area 65 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### London — London
- Native source footprint: 5816; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 5.650682464%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 22.544445 km/km2 = 0.022544445 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 37175789.36 m; source footprint area 1649 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Los Angeles — Los Angeles
- Native source footprint: 2007; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.70350068%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.662546 km/km2 = 0.021662546 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 97438130.29 m; source footprint area 4498 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Luxembourg — Luxembourg
- Native source footprint: 68; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 11.40121925%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 27.973779 km/km2 = 0.027973779 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1118951.155 m; source footprint area 40 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Lyon — Lyon
- Native source footprint: 3978; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 3.179816178%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 24.233232 km/km2 = 0.024233232 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 6203707.326 m; source footprint area 256 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Madrid — Madrid
- Native source footprint: 3338; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 2.464842968%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 28.08271 km/km2 = 0.02808271 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 19096243.01 m; source footprint area 680 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Málaga — Málaga
- Native source footprint: 3115; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.092275356%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 27.107395 km/km2 = 0.027107395 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2033054.594 m; source footprint area 75 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Malmö — Malmo
- Native source footprint: 558; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.287388784%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 26.974902 km/km2 = 0.026974902 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2265891.788 m; source footprint area 84 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Manchester — Manchester
- Native source footprint: 3340; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 7.660506354%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.631454 km/km2 = 0.021631454 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 16245221.72 m; source footprint area 751 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Manila — Manila
- Native source footprint: 2323; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 7.341673827%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 14.22249 km/km2 = 0.01422249 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 36338461.97 m; source footprint area 2555 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Marrakesh — Marrakesh
- Native source footprint: 1853; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.795460852%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.707849 km/km2 = 0.018707849 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2319773.215 m; source footprint area 124 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Marseille — Marseille
- Native source footprint: 4182; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 3.902232546%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 22.731326 km/km2 = 0.022731326 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 4205295.385 m; source footprint area 185 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Medellín — Medellín
- Native source footprint: 2676; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 12.75586527%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 20.995868 km/km2 = 0.020995868 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 4892037.216 m; source footprint area 233 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Melbourne — Melbourne
- Native source footprint: 1747; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.786671882%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 26.1009 km/km2 = 0.0261009 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 42048550 m; source footprint area 1611 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Mendoza — Mendoza
- Native source footprint: 214; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.551940138%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 17.421777 km/km2 = 0.017421777 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 3623729.628 m; source footprint area 208 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Mérida — Mérida
- Native source footprint: 6875; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.771173061%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.538744 km/km2 = 0.021538744 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 3920051.392 m; source footprint area 182 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Mexico City — Mexico City
- Native source footprint: 5402; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.137640903%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 20.480823 km/km2 = 0.020480823 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 43706076.55 m; source footprint area 2134 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Miami — Miami
- Native source footprint: 7168; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 9.499894525%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 22.499383 km/km2 = 0.022499383 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 62638281.73 m; source footprint area 2784 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Milan — Milan
- Native source footprint: 1498; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.355281246%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 22.741237 km/km2 = 0.022741237 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 17851870.91 m; source footprint area 785 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Minneapolis — Minneapolis [Saint Paul]
- Native source footprint: 7181; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 37.85123912%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 28.390541 km/km2 = 0.028390541 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 17346620.45 m; source footprint area 611 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Monterrey — Monterrey
- Native source footprint: 6131; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.16231813%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 22.306371 km/km2 = 0.022306371 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 15279863.94 m; source footprint area 685 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Montevideo — Montevideo
- Native source footprint: 804; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 2.414219004%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 14.50735 km/km2 = 0.01450735 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 3438242.008 m; source footprint area 237 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Montreal — Montreal
- Native source footprint: 3700; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 18.00876124%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 24.650103 km/km2 = 0.024650103 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 25143104.99 m; source footprint area 1020 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Mumbai — Mumbai
- Native source footprint: 7599; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.392233543%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 12.480753 km/km2 = 0.012480753 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 9210795.505 m; source footprint area 738 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Munich — Munich
- Native source footprint: 5249; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 7.809422287%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 30.651345 km/km2 = 0.030651345 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 10574714.09 m; source footprint area 345 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Muscat — Muscat
- Native source footprint: 1124; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.5020243%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 13.412217 km/km2 = 0.013412217 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1985008.117 m; source footprint area 148 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Nagoya — Nagoya
- Native source footprint: 5213; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.477723259%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.81805 km/km2 = 0.02181805 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 52188776.32 m; source footprint area 2392 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Nairobi — Nairobi
- Native source footprint: 1717; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 9.841212511%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 13.773637 km/km2 = 0.013773637 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 8236634.837 m; source footprint area 598 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Naples — Naples
- Native source footprint: 4490; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 2.833350588%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 12.847996 km/km2 = 0.012847996 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 7940061.519 m; source footprint area 618 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Nashville — Nashville
- Native source footprint: 7090; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 27.6815735%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 24.36097 km/km2 = 0.02436097 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 3897755.182 m; source footprint area 160 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### New Orleans — New Orleans
- Native source footprint: 6607; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 6.850415574%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.040241 km/km2 = 0.018040241 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 7522780.403 m; source footprint area 417 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### New York City — New York City
- Native source footprint: 8099; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 10.34262839%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 24.282285 km/km2 = 0.024282285 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 73599606.11 m; source footprint area 3031 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: false; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Nice — Nice
- Native source footprint: 4746; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 15.20991013%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.83243 km/km2 = 0.01883243 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2033902.393 m; source footprint area 108 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Orlando — Orlando
- Native source footprint: 7243; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 19.9792921%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.223031 km/km2 = 0.018223031 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 13667273.35 m; source footprint area 750 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Osaka — Osaka
- Native source footprint: 4399; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.320801864%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 24.782212 km/km2 = 0.024782212 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 54818252.29 m; source footprint area 2212 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: bctl:kyoto. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Oslo — Oslo
- Native source footprint: 828; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 7.34825914%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 29.88749 km/km2 = 0.02988749 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 7292547.471 m; source footprint area 244 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Ottawa — Ottawa
- Native source footprint: 3494; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 28.48111361%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 30.139357 km/km2 = 0.030139357 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 6268986.334 m; source footprint area 208 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Palermo — Palermo
- Native source footprint: 4376; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.863342516%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 13.379208 km/km2 = 0.013379208 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1645642.566 m; source footprint area 123 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Panama City — Panama City
- Native source footprint: 658; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 10.727991%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 13.611587 km/km2 = 0.013611587 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 3770409.66 m; source footprint area 277 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Paris — Paris
- Native source footprint: 2878; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 3.92906815%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 26.605824 km/km2 = 0.026605824 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 37806875.23 m; source footprint area 1421 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Perth — Perth
- Native source footprint: 498; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.815809782%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 19.189386 km/km2 = 0.019189386 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 15044478.93 m; source footprint area 784 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Philadelphia — Philadelphia
- Native source footprint: 8029; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 12.23949922%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 23.094148 km/km2 = 0.023094148 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 15103572.71 m; source footprint area 654 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Phoenix — Phoenix
- Native source footprint: 4699; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.709817837%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 20.675661 km/km2 = 0.020675661 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 26961061.68 m; source footprint area 1304 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Phuket — Phuket
- Native source footprint: 1645; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 7.594094609%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 13.133198 km/km2 = 0.013133198 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1628516.595 m; source footprint area 124 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Pittsburgh — Pittsburgh
- Native source footprint: 7847; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 28.40972147%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.110259 km/km2 = 0.021110259 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 5172013.494 m; source footprint area 245 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Port Louis — Port Louis
- Native source footprint: 159; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 24.03636732%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 12.939512 km/km2 = 0.012939512 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1759773.687 m; source footprint area 136 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Portland — Portland
- Native source footprint: 4941; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 12.14591825%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.451917 km/km2 = 0.021451917 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 18813331.28 m; source footprint area 877 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Porto — Porto
- Native source footprint: 1058; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.729860763%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 17.804799 km/km2 = 0.017804799 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 5768754.798 m; source footprint area 324 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Porto Alegre — Porto Alegre
- Native source footprint: 5971; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 8.653022463%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 14.383428 km/km2 = 0.014383428 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 8615673.556 m; source footprint area 599 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Prague — Prague
- Native source footprint: 560; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 8.348813541%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 34.294548 km/km2 = 0.034294548 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 9019466.077 m; source footprint area 263 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Pune — Pune
- Native source footprint: 8258; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 2.108691787%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 17.430534 km/km2 = 0.017430534 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 10109709.45 m; source footprint area 580 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Québec City — Quebec
- Native source footprint: 4012; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 41.4408021%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 14.942225 km/km2 = 0.014942225 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 4109111.988 m; source footprint area 275 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Querétaro — Querétaro
- Native source footprint: 5097; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.309959908%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 23.723237 km/km2 = 0.023723237 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 4009227.124 m; source footprint area 169 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Quito — Quito
- Native source footprint: 2544; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 3.655585337%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.271669 km/km2 = 0.021271669 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 8083234.076 m; source footprint area 380 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Raleigh — Raleigh
- Native source footprint: 7791; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 58.32670358%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 26.009865 km/km2 = 0.026009865 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1872710.283 m; source footprint area 72 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Recife — Recife
- Native source footprint: 8388; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 6.059208602%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 15.740955 km/km2 = 0.015740955 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 7728808.924 m; source footprint area 491 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Reykjavík — Reykjavik
- Native source footprint: 48; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.000386262%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 26.446512 km/km2 = 0.026446512 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2565311.68 m; source footprint area 97 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Riga — Riga
- Native source footprint: 102; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 26.36867184%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 30.384505 km/km2 = 0.030384505 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 4466522.262 m; source footprint area 147 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Rio de Janeiro — Rio de Janeiro
- Native source footprint: 7799; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 3.49798199%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 14.313637 km/km2 = 0.014313637 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 18393022.95 m; source footprint area 1285 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Riyadh — Riyadh
- Native source footprint: 3026; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.05709843%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.5477 km/km2 = 0.0185477 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 20550851.31 m; source footprint area 1108 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Rome — Rome
- Native source footprint: 3938; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 4.693812661%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.474189 km/km2 = 0.018474189 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 8627446.227 m; source footprint area 467 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Rotterdam — Rotterdam [The Hague]
- Native source footprint: 244; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 7.028578186%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 25.321668 km/km2 = 0.025321668 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 17142769.11 m; source footprint area 677 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Sacramento — Sacramento
- Native source footprint: 4092; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 6.067213839%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 20.362103 km/km2 = 0.020362103 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 15454836.14 m; source footprint area 759 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Salt Lake City — Salt Lake City
- Native source footprint: 5377; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 4.588987102%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 25.694209 km/km2 = 0.025694209 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 13540848.21 m; source footprint area 527 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Salvador — Salvador
- Native source footprint: 8238; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 7.869676208%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 15.986623 km/km2 = 0.015986623 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 5163679.234 m; source footprint area 323 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Salzburg — Salzburg
- Native source footprint: 415; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 6.675348292%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 28.612746 km/km2 = 0.028612746 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 915607.8579 m; source footprint area 32 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### San Antonio — San Antonio
- Native source footprint: 5794; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 51.93526009%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.979101 km/km2 = 0.018979101 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 12146624.78 m; source footprint area 640 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### San Diego — San Diego
- Native source footprint: 2471; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.247676994%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 19.894052 km/km2 = 0.019894052 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 15477572.09 m; source footprint area 778 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### San Francisco — San Francisco
- Native source footprint: 1461; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 3.491031812%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 26.837479 km/km2 = 0.026837479 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 43315691.37 m; source footprint area 1614 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### San José — San José
- Native source footprint: 363; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 6.447931921%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 13.022352 km/km2 = 0.013022352 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 6393975.03 m; source footprint area 491 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### San Juan — Bayamón [San Juan]
- Native source footprint: 213; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 9.06658405%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 14.918206 km/km2 = 0.014918206 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 4609725.618 m; source footprint area 309 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### San Pedro Sula — San Pedro Sula
- Native source footprint: 511; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 10.75284708%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 13.669216 km/km2 = 0.013669216 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2884204.54 m; source footprint area 211 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### San Salvador — San Salvador
- Native source footprint: 916; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 9.737532617%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 13.551503 km/km2 = 0.013551503 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 3577596.712 m; source footprint area 264 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Santiago — Santiago
- Native source footprint: 2334; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.029271862%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 23.2141 km/km2 = 0.0232141 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 18594494.01 m; source footprint area 801 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Santo Domingo — Santo Domingo
- Native source footprint: 1667; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 6.248982478%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 16.684073 km/km2 = 0.016684073 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 8058407.433 m; source footprint area 483 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### São Paulo — São Paulo
- Native source footprint: 7277; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.70001762%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 17.737416 km/km2 = 0.017737416 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 37443684.26 m; source footprint area 2111 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Sapporo — Sapporo
- Native source footprint: 351; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.420200145%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 24.431081 km/km2 = 0.024431081 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 8624171.444 m; source footprint area 353 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Sarajevo — Sarajevo
- Native source footprint: 426; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 6.822451953%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.590351 km/km2 = 0.018590351 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1134011.39 m; source footprint area 61 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Seattle — Seattle
- Native source footprint: 5098; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 12.88920476%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 22.665258 km/km2 = 0.022665258 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 25453085.16 m; source footprint area 1123 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Seoul — Seoul
- Native source footprint: 348; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 3.428252869%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 17.863458 km/km2 = 0.017863458 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 40764410.61 m; source footprint area 2282 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: bctl:incheon. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Seville — Seville
- Native source footprint: 2024; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.428994418%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 26.263343 km/km2 = 0.026263343 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2101067.44 m; source footprint area 80 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Shanghai — Shanghai
- Native source footprint: 11345; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.870261165%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 8.338699 km/km2 = 0.008338699 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 26083450.82 m; source footprint area 3128 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Shenzhen — Guangzhou
- Native source footprint: 10933; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 2.970185049%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 8.880101 km/km2 = 0.008880101 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 57312172.19 m; source footprint area 6454 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: bctl:guangzhou. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Singapore — Singapore
- Native source footprint: 178; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 5.458324504%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 28.258319 km/km2 = 0.028258319 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 12377143.59 m; source footprint area 438 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Sofia — Sofia
- Native source footprint: 109; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 5.404700902%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 24.554625 km/km2 = 0.024554625 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 4935479.72 m; source footprint area 201 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Stockholm — Stockholm
- Native source footprint: 1693; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 22.9216312%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 26.864961 km/km2 = 0.026864961 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 9107221.765 m; source footprint area 339 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Stuttgart — Stuttgart
- Native source footprint: 4022; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 9.402383732%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 24.483345 km/km2 = 0.024483345 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 6292219.581 m; source footprint area 257 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Surabaya — Surabaya
- Native source footprint: 7459; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 2.786614668%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 12.931238 km/km2 = 0.012931238 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 16862334.98 m; source footprint area 1304 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Sydney — Sydney
- Native source footprint: 2324; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 14.00105945%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.908273 km/km2 = 0.018908273 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 26055600.67 m; source footprint area 1378 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: false; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Taichung — Taichung
- Native source footprint: 906; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.919650165%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.570167 km/km2 = 0.018570167 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 5812462.231 m; source footprint area 313 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Taipei — Taipei
- Native source footprint: 1142; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 8.844413476%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.150596 km/km2 = 0.018150596 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 17642379.05 m; source footprint area 972 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: false; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Tallinn — Tallinn
- Native source footprint: 99; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 20.59393872%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 28.136906 km/km2 = 0.028136906 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 3404565.647 m; source footprint area 121 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: false; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Tampa — Tampa
- Native source footprint: 7012; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 18.08570563%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.736561 km/km2 = 0.018736561 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 8075457.828 m; source footprint area 431 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Tampere — Tampere
- Native source footprint: 425; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 6.130713612%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 28.790942 km/km2 = 0.028790942 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1986575.003 m; source footprint area 69 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Tel Aviv — Tel Aviv
- Native source footprint: 457; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 3.047928383%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.575982 km/km2 = 0.021575982 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 7184802.029 m; source footprint area 333 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Thessaloniki — Thessaloniki
- Native source footprint: 585; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.39127232%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 20.429536 km/km2 = 0.020429536 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2390255.769 m; source footprint area 117 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Tirana — Tirana
- Native source footprint: 714; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 7.663334337%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 18.978963 km/km2 = 0.018978963 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 2182580.764 m; source footprint area 115 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Tokyo — Tokyo
- Native source footprint: 5929; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.463600201%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 25.129737 km/km2 = 0.025129737 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 129795090.4 m; source footprint area 5165 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: bctl:yokohama. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Toronto — Toronto
- Native source footprint: 2869; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 11.94499634%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 23.176153 km/km2 = 0.023176153 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 37545367.54 m; source footprint area 1620 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Toulouse — Toulouse
- Native source footprint: 2268; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 2.140439438%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 24.702375 km/km2 = 0.024702375 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 6224998.562 m; source footprint area 252 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Trondheim — Trondheim
- Native source footprint: 554; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.759002041%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 26.765935 km/km2 = 0.026765935 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1525658.287 m; source footprint area 57 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Tunis — Tunis
- Native source footprint: 1399; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.022790048%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 15.966194 km/km2 = 0.015966194 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 7791502.739 m; source footprint area 488 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Turin — Turin
- Native source footprint: 70; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.608750006%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 21.661814 km/km2 = 0.021661814 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 4592304.501 m; source footprint area 212 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Turku — Turku
- Native source footprint: 93; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 14.07791273%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 41.641394 km/km2 = 0.041641394 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 957752.0687 m; source footprint area 23 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Utrecht — Utrecht
- Native source footprint: 1951; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 9.304428718%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 31.588733 km/km2 = 0.031588733 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 3632704.312 m; source footprint area 115 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Valencia — Valencia
- Native source footprint: 4522; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.254953579%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 24.820904 km/km2 = 0.024820904 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 5535061.598 m; source footprint area 223 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Valletta — Valletta
- Native source footprint: 87; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 0.011670665%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 17.252126 km/km2 = 0.017252126 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1725212.563 m; source footprint area 100 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Vancouver — Vancouver
- Native source footprint: 358; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 4.710160055%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 27.635653 km/km2 = 0.027635653 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 17935538.92 m; source footprint area 649 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Victoria — Victoria
- Native source footprint: 6; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 12.26136224%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 14.884221 km/km2 = 0.014884221 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1667032.792 m; source footprint area 112 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Vienna — Vienna
- Native source footprint: 1081; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 7.926336742%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 29.713261 km/km2 = 0.029713261 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 9656809.891 m; source footprint area 325 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Vilnius — Vilnius
- Native source footprint: 578; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 17.48033113%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 34.226796 km/km2 = 0.034226796 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 3046184.86 m; source footprint area 89 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Warsaw — Warsaw
- Native source footprint: 3712; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 15.83000885%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 37.250816 km/km2 = 0.037250816 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 15459088.58 m; source footprint area 415 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Washington DC — Washington
- Native source footprint: 7910; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 51.44144518%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 23.811973 km/km2 = 0.023811973 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 30979376.37 m; source footprint area 1301 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Wellington — Wellington
- Native source footprint: 505; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 35.65995797%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 15.827421 km/km2 = 0.015827421 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 1012954.932 m; source footprint area 64 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Winnipeg — Winnipeg
- Native source footprint: 2013; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 12.11512675%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 29.427694 km/km2 = 0.029427694 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 8445748.094 m; source footprint area 287 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Wrocław — Wrocław
- Native source footprint: 1599; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 16.47891228%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 38.838062 km/km2 = 0.038838062 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 4582891.366 m; source footprint area 118 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Yokohama — Tokyo
- Native source footprint: 5929; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 1.463600201%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 25.129737 km/km2 = 0.025129737 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 129795090.4 m; source footprint area 5165 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: bctl:tokyo. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Zagreb — Zagreb
- Native source footprint: 419; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 10.62900259%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 27.612269 km/km2 = 0.027612269 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 4169452.673 m; source footprint area 151 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

### Zurich — Zurich
- Native source footprint: 1689; population/footprint reference 2025.
- Modeled high-greenness population share, nominal 2025: 12.01535217%. Three-year NDVI calendar window is unspecified; this is not public-park access.
- Mapped road density, 2024 roads / 2025 footprint: 31.192616 km/km2 = 0.031192616 m/m2 × 1000.
- Original mapped road length: 5833019.226 m; source footprint area 187 km2. Source density retains CSV rounding.
- Other destination bindings to this footprint: None in this catalog.. Native geometry validity flag: true; not scoring boundary approval.
No source confidence interval or city-specific mapping-completeness estimate is supplied. More road density is not automatically better; neither quantity is an overall city score.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
Source dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.

Full source ledger: https://bestcitytolive.com/data/urban-fabric-context.json