City intelligence · environmental evidence

The city air
evidence desk.

Name: EEA 2024–2025 modelled city exposure: BestCityToLive source selection
Creator: European Environment Agency
License: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/

Follow each number to its place, period and method. Explore historical PM2.5 evidence from two public agencies, with original reporting areas and source files intact.

city dossiers with air evidence: 25
annual monitor summaries: 37
modelled city-period estimates: 18

U.S. EPA · measured at sites

Individual monitor histories.

Annual Daily Mean summaries for seven U.S. city labels. Six use 2025; San Francisco retains its available 2024 record. All qualifying instruments remain visible, including actual certification and completeness fields.

European Environment Agency · modelled exposure

A modelled city exposure estimate.

The 2026 viewer provides a 2024–2025 average for 18 covered city or greater-city areas. Population weighting, modelled pollution maps and Urban Audit 2020 boundaries belong to this method.

The two methods describe different things. This desk keeps them separate and supplies no pooled league table. All records remain outside the Civometra Index.

Read the source

Find your city.

Source-linked JSON

25 of 25 cities with this reviewed source context.

Netherlands

Amsterdam

City dossier

EEA · modelled city exposure2024–2025

PM2.5 · modelled exposure

8.7µg/m³

2024–2025 period average

EEA's 2026 city viewer reports population-weighted modelled exposure across 2024 and 2025 for the source city or greater-city area.

This uses the source's Urban Audit 2020 geography and 1 km pollution maps. It is a two-year contextual estimate, with its own method and population basis. Source maps may include preliminary, unverified Up-To-Date inputs alongside validated data.

Source reporting area: Greater Amsterdam

Method, precision & source trail

Urban Audit 2020 greater-city boundary (not a functional urban area)

Published value: 8.696922302 micrograms/m3. Observation period: 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Two-year Urban Audit city modelled exposure is not annual reviewed harmonized FUA evidence.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from European Environment Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 e28c9d73c710cb86991219cc4f4e2a8f4b1a11ed7fb4f974ee7dda7455dd264c

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

Spain

Barcelona

City dossier

EEA · modelled city exposure2024–2025

PM2.5 · modelled exposure

11.17µg/m³

2024–2025 period average

EEA's 2026 city viewer reports population-weighted modelled exposure across 2024 and 2025 for the source city or greater-city area.

Source reporting area: Barcelona

Method, precision & source trail

Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)

Published value: 11.166953087 micrograms/m3. Observation period: 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Two-year Urban Audit city modelled exposure is not annual reviewed harmonized FUA evidence.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from European Environment Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 e28c9d73c710cb86991219cc4f4e2a8f4b1a11ed7fb4f974ee7dda7455dd264c

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

Germany

Berlin

City dossier

EEA · modelled city exposure2024–2025

PM2.5 · modelled exposure

10.61µg/m³

2024–2025 period average

EEA's 2026 city viewer reports population-weighted modelled exposure across 2024 and 2025 for the source city or greater-city area.

Source reporting area: Berlin

Method, precision & source trail

Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)

Published value: 10.605043411 micrograms/m3. Observation period: 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Two-year Urban Audit city modelled exposure is not annual reviewed harmonized FUA evidence.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from European Environment Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 e28c9d73c710cb86991219cc4f4e2a8f4b1a11ed7fb4f974ee7dda7455dd264c

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

United States

Boston

City dossier

EPA · annual monitor summaries2025

5 annual summaries at 4 monitoring sites carrying the source city label “Boston”. Each instrument and sample duration remains separate. Values use EPA's Daily Mean arithmetic-mean statistic in local-condition µg/m³.

Source-specific EPA annual PM2.5 monitor summaries for Boston
Monitor / sample	Annual mean	Valid / required days	EPA certification
BOSTON KENMORE SQ25-025-0002-88101-324-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 6.402466 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 365 observations · 100% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 29836 in archived ZIP ↗	6.4µg/m³ · 2025	365 / 365Completeness: Y	Certified
DUDLEY SQUARE ROXBURY25-025-0042-88101-124 HOUR · No Events Observation details Published mean: 5.738532 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 109 observations · 89% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 30057 in archived ZIP ↗	5.74µg/m³ · 2025	109 / 122Completeness: Y	Certified
DUDLEY SQUARE ROXBURY25-025-0042-88101-324-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 5.656338 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 355 observations · 97% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 30066 in archived ZIP ↗	5.66µg/m³ · 2025	355 / 365Completeness: Y	Certified
VON HILLERN ST25-025-0044-88101-324-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 7.09449 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 363 observations · 99% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 30243 in archived ZIP ↗	7.09µg/m³ · 2025	363 / 365Completeness: Y	Certified
Chinatown25-025-0045-88101-324-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 6.714247 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 365 observations · 100% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 30263 in archived ZIP ↗	6.71µg/m³ · 2025	365 / 365Completeness: Y	Certified

Completeness follows EPA's metric-specific flag. These sites do not measure every neighborhood or form a population-weighted city average. Multiple instruments at a site are not independent places.

Method, precision & source trail

Only monitoring sites carrying this exact city name and state in EPA AirData; this is not a city-wide spatial average or reviewed FUA boundary.

Published value: 6.402466 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). Observation period: 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Site measurement is not harmonized FUA population-weighted exposure.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 7af948b3dcaf2d214e7d8fdcfb8ab7b4b6dd9865a43ead6f1e21955bcc326cb8

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

Belgium

Brussels

City dossier

EEA · modelled city exposure2024–2025

PM2.5 · modelled exposure

8.66µg/m³

2024–2025 period average

EEA's 2026 city viewer reports population-weighted modelled exposure across 2024 and 2025 for the source city or greater-city area.

Source reporting area: Bruxelles / Brussel

Method, precision & source trail

Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)

Published value: 8.659185410 micrograms/m3. Observation period: 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Two-year Urban Audit city modelled exposure is not annual reviewed harmonized FUA evidence.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from European Environment Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 e28c9d73c710cb86991219cc4f4e2a8f4b1a11ed7fb4f974ee7dda7455dd264c

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

United States

Chicago

City dossier

EPA · annual monitor summaries2025

6 annual summaries at 4 monitoring sites carrying the source city label “Chicago”. Each instrument and sample duration remains separate. Values use EPA's Daily Mean arithmetic-mean statistic in local-condition µg/m³.

Source-specific EPA annual PM2.5 monitor summaries for Chicago
Monitor / sample	Annual mean	Valid / required days	EPA certification
WASHINGTON HS17-031-0022-88101-324-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 10.138356 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 365 observations · 100% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 20859 in archived ZIP ↗	10.14µg/m³ · 2025	365 / 365Completeness: Y	Certified
WASHINGTON HS17-031-0022-88101-924 HOUR · No Events Observation details Published mean: 8.59 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 60 observations · 100% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 20867 in archived ZIP ↗	8.59µg/m³ · 2025	31 / 31Completeness: Y	Certified
MAYFAIR PUMP STATION17-031-0052-88101-324-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 10.060623 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 353 observations · 97% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 20880 in archived ZIP ↗	10.06µg/m³ · 2025	353 / 365Completeness: Y	Certified
MAYFAIR PUMP STATION17-031-0052-88101-924 HOUR · No Events Observation details Published mean: 7.753448 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 58 observations · 100% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 20888 in archived ZIP ↗	7.75µg/m³ · 2025	31 / 31Completeness: Y	Certified
SPRINGFIELD PUMP STATION17-031-0057-88101-324-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 10.139178 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 365 observations · 100% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 20908 in archived ZIP ↗	10.14µg/m³ · 2025	365 / 365Completeness: Y	Certified
COM ED MAINTENANCE BLDG17-031-0076-88101-324-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 8.555056 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 356 observations · 98% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 21009 in archived ZIP ↗	8.56µg/m³ · 2025	356 / 365Completeness: Y	Certified

Completeness follows EPA's metric-specific flag. These sites do not measure every neighborhood or form a population-weighted city average. Multiple instruments at a site are not independent places.

Method, precision & source trail

Only monitoring sites carrying this exact city name and state in EPA AirData; this is not a city-wide spatial average or reviewed FUA boundary.

Published value: 10.138356 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). Observation period: 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Site measurement is not harmonized FUA population-weighted exposure.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 7af948b3dcaf2d214e7d8fdcfb8ab7b4b6dd9865a43ead6f1e21955bcc326cb8

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

Denmark

Copenhagen

City dossier

EEA · modelled city exposure2024–2025

PM2.5 · modelled exposure

7.06µg/m³

2024–2025 period average

EEA's 2026 city viewer reports population-weighted modelled exposure across 2024 and 2025 for the source city or greater-city area.

Source reporting area: København

Method, precision & source trail

Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)

Published value: 7.059337616 micrograms/m3. Observation period: 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Two-year Urban Audit city modelled exposure is not annual reviewed harmonized FUA evidence.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from European Environment Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 e28c9d73c710cb86991219cc4f4e2a8f4b1a11ed7fb4f974ee7dda7455dd264c

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

Ireland

Dublin

City dossier

EEA · modelled city exposure2024–2025

PM2.5 · modelled exposure

7.49µg/m³

2024–2025 period average

EEA's 2026 city viewer reports population-weighted modelled exposure across 2024 and 2025 for the source city or greater-city area.

Source reporting area: Dublin

Method, precision & source trail

Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)

Published value: 7.491664410 micrograms/m3. Observation period: 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Two-year Urban Audit city modelled exposure is not annual reviewed harmonized FUA evidence.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from European Environment Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 e28c9d73c710cb86991219cc4f4e2a8f4b1a11ed7fb4f974ee7dda7455dd264c

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

Finland

Helsinki

City dossier

EEA · modelled city exposure2024–2025

PM2.5 · modelled exposure

5.39µg/m³

2024–2025 period average

EEA's 2026 city viewer reports population-weighted modelled exposure across 2024 and 2025 for the source city or greater-city area.

Source reporting area: Helsinki / Helsingfors

Method, precision & source trail

Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)

Published value: 5.387835503 micrograms/m3. Observation period: 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Two-year Urban Audit city modelled exposure is not annual reviewed harmonized FUA evidence.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from European Environment Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 e28c9d73c710cb86991219cc4f4e2a8f4b1a11ed7fb4f974ee7dda7455dd264c

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

Portugal

Lisbon

City dossier

EEA · modelled city exposure2024–2025

PM2.5 · modelled exposure

7.77µg/m³

2024–2025 period average

EEA's 2026 city viewer reports population-weighted modelled exposure across 2024 and 2025 for the source city or greater-city area.

Source reporting area: Lisboa

Method, precision & source trail

Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)

Published value: 7.771401882 micrograms/m3. Observation period: 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Two-year Urban Audit city modelled exposure is not annual reviewed harmonized FUA evidence.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from European Environment Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 e28c9d73c710cb86991219cc4f4e2a8f4b1a11ed7fb4f974ee7dda7455dd264c

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

United States

Los Angeles

City dossier

EPA · annual monitor summaries2025

2 annual summaries at 1 monitoring sites carrying the source city label “Los Angeles”. Each instrument and sample duration remains separate. Values use EPA's Daily Mean arithmetic-mean statistic in local-condition µg/m³.

Source-specific EPA annual PM2.5 monitor summaries for Los Angeles
Monitor / sample	Annual mean	Valid / required days	EPA certification
Los Angeles-North Main Street06-037-1103-88101-124 HOUR · No Events Observation details Published mean: 12.708408 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 333 observations · 91% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 7307 in archived ZIP ↗	12.71µg/m³ · 2025	333 / 365Completeness: Y	Certified
Los Angeles-North Main Street06-037-1103-88101-324-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 12.649857 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 349 observations · 96% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 7324 in archived ZIP ↗	12.65µg/m³ · 2025	349 / 365Completeness: Y	Certified

Completeness follows EPA's metric-specific flag. These sites do not measure every neighborhood or form a population-weighted city average. Multiple instruments at a site are not independent places.

Method, precision & source trail

Only monitoring sites carrying this exact city name and state in EPA AirData; this is not a city-wide spatial average or reviewed FUA boundary.

Published value: 12.708408 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). Observation period: 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Site measurement is not harmonized FUA population-weighted exposure.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 7af948b3dcaf2d214e7d8fdcfb8ab7b4b6dd9865a43ead6f1e21955bcc326cb8

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

Spain

Madrid

City dossier

EEA · modelled city exposure2024–2025

PM2.5 · modelled exposure

10.55µg/m³

2024–2025 period average

EEA's 2026 city viewer reports population-weighted modelled exposure across 2024 and 2025 for the source city or greater-city area.

Source reporting area: Madrid

Method, precision & source trail

Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)

Published value: 10.552308083 micrograms/m3. Observation period: 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Two-year Urban Audit city modelled exposure is not annual reviewed harmonized FUA evidence.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from European Environment Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 e28c9d73c710cb86991219cc4f4e2a8f4b1a11ed7fb4f974ee7dda7455dd264c

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

Germany

Munich

City dossier

EEA · modelled city exposure2024–2025

PM2.5 · modelled exposure

8.56µg/m³

2024–2025 period average

EEA's 2026 city viewer reports population-weighted modelled exposure across 2024 and 2025 for the source city or greater-city area.

Source reporting area: München

Method, precision & source trail

Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)

Published value: 8.557001114 micrograms/m3. Observation period: 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Two-year Urban Audit city modelled exposure is not annual reviewed harmonized FUA evidence.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from European Environment Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 e28c9d73c710cb86991219cc4f4e2a8f4b1a11ed7fb4f974ee7dda7455dd264c

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

United States

New York City

City dossier

EPA · annual monitor summaries2025

14 annual summaries at 11 monitoring sites carrying the source city label “New York”. Each instrument and sample duration remains separate. Values use EPA's Daily Mean arithmetic-mean statistic in local-condition µg/m³.

Source-specific EPA annual PM2.5 monitor summaries for New York
Monitor / sample	Annual mean	Valid / required days	EPA certification
IS 5236-005-0110-88101-124 HOUR · No Events Observation details Published mean: 7.268852 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 122 observations · 99% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 39987 in archived ZIP ↗	7.27µg/m³ · 2025	121 / 122Completeness: Y	Certified
IS 5236-005-0110-88101-424-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 7.281215 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 362 observations · 99% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 40004 in archived ZIP ↗	7.28µg/m³ · 2025	362 / 365Completeness: Y	Certified
IS 7436-005-0112-88101-424-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 8.679167 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 360 observations · 99% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 40080 in archived ZIP ↗	8.68µg/m³ · 2025	360 / 365Completeness: Y	Certified
PFIZER LAB SITE36-005-0133-88101-124 HOUR · No Events Observation details Published mean: 7.296552 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 58 observations · 95% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 40187 in archived ZIP ↗	7.3µg/m³ · 2025	58 / 61Completeness: Y	Certified
PS 31436-047-0052-88101-424-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 7.315616 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 365 observations · 100% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 40750 in archived ZIP ↗	7.32µg/m³ · 2025	365 / 365Completeness: Y	Certified
PS 27436-047-0118-88101-424-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 8.869429 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 350 observations · 96% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 40759 in archived ZIP ↗	8.87µg/m³ · 2025	350 / 365Completeness: Y	Certified
PS 1936-061-0128-88101-124 HOUR · No Events Observation details Published mean: 7.837931 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 116 observations · 95% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 41102 in archived ZIP ↗	7.84µg/m³ · 2025	116 / 122Completeness: Y	Certified
CCNY36-061-0135-88101-424-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 7.363014 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 365 observations · 100% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 41126 in archived ZIP ↗	7.36µg/m³ · 2025	365 / 365Completeness: Y	Certified
QUEENS COLLEGE 236-081-0124-88101-124 HOUR · No Events Observation details Published mean: 6.541739 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 115 observations · 94% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 41371 in archived ZIP ↗	6.54µg/m³ · 2025	115 / 122Completeness: Y	Certified
QUEENS COLLEGE 236-081-0124-88101-424-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 7.837673 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 361 observations · 99% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 41380 in archived ZIP ↗	7.84µg/m³ · 2025	361 / 365Completeness: Y	Certified
Queens College Near Road36-081-0125-88101-124 HOUR · No Events Observation details Published mean: 7.5025 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 120 observations · 98% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 41481 in archived ZIP ↗	7.5µg/m³ · 2025	120 / 122Completeness: Y	Certified
Queens College Near Road36-081-0125-88101-424-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 7.135068 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 365 observations · 100% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 41490 in archived ZIP ↗	7.14µg/m³ · 2025	365 / 365Completeness: Y	Certified
RICHMOND POST OFFICE36-085-0055-88101-124 HOUR · No Events Observation details Published mean: 7.001754 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 57 observations · 93% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 41507 in archived ZIP ↗	7µg/m³ · 2025	57 / 61Completeness: Y	Certified
FRESHKILLS WEST36-085-0111-88101-424-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 6.602198 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 364 observations · 100% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 41576 in archived ZIP ↗	6.6µg/m³ · 2025	364 / 365Completeness: Y	Certified

Completeness follows EPA's metric-specific flag. These sites do not measure every neighborhood or form a population-weighted city average. Multiple instruments at a site are not independent places.

Method, precision & source trail

Only monitoring sites carrying this exact city name and state in EPA AirData; this is not a city-wide spatial average or reviewed FUA boundary.

Published value: 7.268852 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). Observation period: 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Site measurement is not harmonized FUA population-weighted exposure.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 7af948b3dcaf2d214e7d8fdcfb8ab7b4b6dd9865a43ead6f1e21955bcc326cb8

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

Norway

Oslo

City dossier

EEA · modelled city exposure2024–2025

PM2.5 · modelled exposure

7.35µg/m³

2024–2025 period average

EEA's 2026 city viewer reports population-weighted modelled exposure across 2024 and 2025 for the source city or greater-city area.

Source reporting area: Oslo

Method, precision & source trail

Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)

Published value: 7.345429420 micrograms/m3. Observation period: 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Two-year Urban Audit city modelled exposure is not annual reviewed harmonized FUA evidence.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from European Environment Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 e28c9d73c710cb86991219cc4f4e2a8f4b1a11ed7fb4f974ee7dda7455dd264c

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

France

Paris

City dossier

EEA · modelled city exposure2024–2025

PM2.5 · modelled exposure

9.78µg/m³

2024–2025 period average

EEA's 2026 city viewer reports population-weighted modelled exposure across 2024 and 2025 for the source city or greater-city area.

Source reporting area: Paris (greater city)

Method, precision & source trail

Urban Audit 2020 greater-city boundary (not a functional urban area)

Published value: 9.777807236 micrograms/m3. Observation period: 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Two-year Urban Audit city modelled exposure is not annual reviewed harmonized FUA evidence.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from European Environment Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 e28c9d73c710cb86991219cc4f4e2a8f4b1a11ed7fb4f974ee7dda7455dd264c

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

Czechia

Prague

City dossier

EEA · modelled city exposure2024–2025

PM2.5 · modelled exposure

12.87µg/m³

2024–2025 period average

EEA's 2026 city viewer reports population-weighted modelled exposure across 2024 and 2025 for the source city or greater-city area.

Source reporting area: Praha

Method, precision & source trail

Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)

Published value: 12.874741554 micrograms/m3. Observation period: 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Two-year Urban Audit city modelled exposure is not annual reviewed harmonized FUA evidence.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from European Environment Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 e28c9d73c710cb86991219cc4f4e2a8f4b1a11ed7fb4f974ee7dda7455dd264c

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

Italy

Rome

City dossier

EEA · modelled city exposure2024–2025

PM2.5 · modelled exposure

12.54µg/m³

2024–2025 period average

EEA's 2026 city viewer reports population-weighted modelled exposure across 2024 and 2025 for the source city or greater-city area.

Source reporting area: Roma

Method, precision & source trail

Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)

Published value: 12.538207054 micrograms/m3. Observation period: 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Two-year Urban Audit city modelled exposure is not annual reviewed harmonized FUA evidence.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from European Environment Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 e28c9d73c710cb86991219cc4f4e2a8f4b1a11ed7fb4f974ee7dda7455dd264c

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

United States

San Francisco

City dossier

EPA · annual monitor summaries2024

1 annual summaries at 1 monitoring sites carrying the source city label “San Francisco”. Each instrument and sample duration remains separate. Values use EPA's Daily Mean arithmetic-mean statistic in local-condition µg/m³.

Source-specific EPA annual PM2.5 monitor summaries for San Francisco
Monitor / sample	Annual mean	Valid / required days	EPA certification
San Francisco06-075-0005-88101-324-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 6.69012 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 334 observations · 91% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 11725 in archived ZIP ↗	6.69µg/m³ · 2024	334 / 366Completeness: Y	Certification not required

Completeness follows EPA's metric-specific flag. These sites do not measure every neighborhood or form a population-weighted city average. Multiple instruments at a site are not independent places.

Method, precision & source trail

Only monitoring sites carrying this exact city name and state in EPA AirData; this is not a city-wide spatial average or reviewed FUA boundary.

Published value: 6.69012 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). Observation period: 2024-01-01 to 2024-12-31.

Site measurement is not harmonized FUA population-weighted exposure.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 8af92d1ec8ac9271babc84e3512cb2068e6a8849af438448c4170fd9e99ea5bb

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

United States

Seattle

City dossier

EPA · annual monitor summaries2025

3 annual summaries at 2 monitoring sites carrying the source city label “Seattle”. Each instrument and sample duration remains separate. Values use EPA's Daily Mean arithmetic-mean statistic in local-condition µg/m³.

Source-specific EPA annual PM2.5 monitor summaries for Seattle
Monitor / sample	Annual mean	Valid / required days	EPA certification
Seattle-10th & Weller53-033-0030-88101-524-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 6.972701 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 348 observations · 95% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 61464 in archived ZIP ↗	6.97µg/m³ · 2025	348 / 365Completeness: Y	Certification not required
SEATTLE - DUWAMISH53-033-0057-88101-124 HOUR · No Events Observation details Published mean: 6.221667 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 60 observations · 97% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 61499 in archived ZIP ↗	6.22µg/m³ · 2025	59 / 61Completeness: Y	Certification not required
SEATTLE - DUWAMISH53-033-0057-88101-524-HR BLK AVG · No Events Observation details Published mean: 5.915449 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 356 observations · 98% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 61508 in archived ZIP ↗	5.92µg/m³ · 2025	356 / 365Completeness: Y	Certification not required

Completeness follows EPA's metric-specific flag. These sites do not measure every neighborhood or form a population-weighted city average. Multiple instruments at a site are not independent places.

Method, precision & source trail

Only monitoring sites carrying this exact city name and state in EPA AirData; this is not a city-wide spatial average or reviewed FUA boundary.

Published value: 6.972701 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). Observation period: 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Site measurement is not harmonized FUA population-weighted exposure.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 7af948b3dcaf2d214e7d8fdcfb8ab7b4b6dd9865a43ead6f1e21955bcc326cb8

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

Sweden

Stockholm

City dossier

EEA · modelled city exposure2024–2025

PM2.5 · modelled exposure

5.66µg/m³

2024–2025 period average

EEA's 2026 city viewer reports population-weighted modelled exposure across 2024 and 2025 for the source city or greater-city area.

Source reporting area: Stockholm

Method, precision & source trail

Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)

Published value: 5.660761833 micrograms/m3. Observation period: 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Two-year Urban Audit city modelled exposure is not annual reviewed harmonized FUA evidence.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from European Environment Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 e28c9d73c710cb86991219cc4f4e2a8f4b1a11ed7fb4f974ee7dda7455dd264c

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

Austria

Vienna

City dossier

EEA · modelled city exposure2024–2025

PM2.5 · modelled exposure

10.11µg/m³

2024–2025 period average

EEA's 2026 city viewer reports population-weighted modelled exposure across 2024 and 2025 for the source city or greater-city area.

Source reporting area: Wien

Method, precision & source trail

Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)

Published value: 10.108811378 micrograms/m3. Observation period: 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Two-year Urban Audit city modelled exposure is not annual reviewed harmonized FUA evidence.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from European Environment Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 e28c9d73c710cb86991219cc4f4e2a8f4b1a11ed7fb4f974ee7dda7455dd264c

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

Poland

Warsaw

City dossier

EEA · modelled city exposure2024–2025

PM2.5 · modelled exposure

15.79µg/m³

2024–2025 period average

EEA's 2026 city viewer reports population-weighted modelled exposure across 2024 and 2025 for the source city or greater-city area.

Source reporting area: Warszawa

Method, precision & source trail

Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)

Published value: 15.785153389 micrograms/m3. Observation period: 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Two-year Urban Audit city modelled exposure is not annual reviewed harmonized FUA evidence.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from European Environment Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 e28c9d73c710cb86991219cc4f4e2a8f4b1a11ed7fb4f974ee7dda7455dd264c

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

United States

Washington DC

City dossier

EPA · annual monitor summaries2025

6 annual summaries at 5 monitoring sites carrying the source city label “Washington”. Each instrument and sample duration remains separate. Values use EPA's Daily Mean arithmetic-mean statistic in local-condition µg/m³.

Source-specific EPA annual PM2.5 monitor summaries for Washington
Monitor / sample	Annual mean	Valid / required days	EPA certification
RIVER TERRACE11-001-0041-88101-124-HR BLK AVG · Events Included Observation details Published mean: 7.085833 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 360 observations · 99% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 15859 in archived ZIP ↗	7.09µg/m³ · 2025	360 / 365Completeness: Y	Requested but not yet concurred
MCMILLAN NCore-PAMS11-001-0043-88101-124-HR BLK AVG · Events Included Observation details Published mean: 6.632877 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 365 observations · 100% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 16083 in archived ZIP ↗	6.63µg/m³ · 2025	365 / 365Completeness: Y	Requested but not yet concurred
MCMILLAN NCore-PAMS11-001-0043-88101-224 HOUR · No Events Observation details Published mean: 7.278512 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 121 observations · 97% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 16101 in archived ZIP ↗	7.28µg/m³ · 2025	59 / 61Completeness: Y	Requested but not yet concurred
Near Road11-001-0051-88101-124-HR BLK AVG · Events Included Observation details Published mean: 7.83674 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 362 observations · 99% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 16209 in archived ZIP ↗	7.84µg/m³ · 2025	362 / 365Completeness: Y	Requested but not yet concurred
King Greenleaf Rec Center11-001-0053-88101-124-HR BLK AVG · Events Included Observation details Published mean: 6.664939 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 328 observations · 90% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 16236 in archived ZIP ↗	6.66µg/m³ · 2025	328 / 365Completeness: Y	Requested but not yet concurred
Bald Eagle Recreational Center11-001-0055-88101-124-HR BLK AVG · Events Included Observation details Published mean: 6.02274 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). 365 observations · 100% source observation coverage. Original CSV row 16270 in archived ZIP ↗	6.02µg/m³ · 2025	365 / 365Completeness: Y	Requested but not yet concurred

Completeness follows EPA's metric-specific flag. These sites do not measure every neighborhood or form a population-weighted city average. Multiple instruments at a site are not independent places.

Method, precision & source trail

Only monitoring sites carrying this exact city name and state in EPA AirData; this is not a city-wide spatial average or reviewed FUA boundary.

Published value: 7.085833 micrograms/m3 (local conditions). Observation period: 2025-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Site measurement is not harmonized FUA population-weighted exposure.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 7af948b3dcaf2d214e7d8fdcfb8ab7b4b6dd9865a43ead6f1e21955bcc326cb8

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

Switzerland

Zurich

City dossier

EEA · modelled city exposure2024–2025

PM2.5 · modelled exposure

8.8µg/m³

2024–2025 period average

EEA's 2026 city viewer reports population-weighted modelled exposure across 2024 and 2025 for the source city or greater-city area.

Source reporting area: Zürich

Method, precision & source trail

Urban Audit 2020 city boundary (not a functional urban area)

Published value: 8.800916672 micrograms/m3. Observation period: 2024-01-01 to 2025-12-31.

Two-year Urban Audit city modelled exposure is not annual reviewed harmonized FUA evidence.

Retrieved 2026-10-26 from European Environment Agency. A retrieval date does not change the observation period.

Publisher & method ↗Original dataset ↗Exact archived source ↗

SHA-256 e28c9d73c710cb86991219cc4f4e2a8f4b1a11ed7fb4f974ee7dda7455dd264c

Historical source context. These measurements are excluded from Civometra scoring and provide no current air-quality forecast or cross-city ranking.

Built to be traced, not detached.

When quoting a figure, retain its agency, original city label or monitor, period and method. Exact source archives, raw record locations and extraction rules travel with the public data. The EPA material retains its public-domain terms; EEA material is attributed under CC BY 4.0.

Complete source context ↗Index admission rules ↗Developer resources ↗All 63 city dossiers ↗