The AINT.app urban source desk
How much of a source footprint’s population is modelled as exposed to high greenness? How much mapped road fits inside its area? Two different signals help describe urban form. They do not decide which city is best.
Nominal 2025 · modelled exposure
The model estimates the share of population living in areas classified as having high greenness. Its method combines satellite vegetation data, built-up cells and projected population. A high percentage does not tell you whether a park is public, open or within walking distance.
NDVI uses a three-year average, but the exact calendar window is not supplied. Thresholds vary by agro-ecological zone.
2024 mapped roads · 2025 footprint
Mapped road density expresses road length relative to source footprint area. We convert the publisher’s m/m² to km/km² by multiplying by 1,000. More mapped road is not automatically better: this does not establish walking conditions, public transport service, congestion or safety.
Road source: Overture Maps, accessed by the publisher on 24 July 2024. Network completeness is not quantified.
The footprint explorer
Choose a quantity, then search destinations or filter a country. The default is alphabetical. Optional indicator ordering compares the same source epoch within that quantity; it does not create ordinal ranks, statistical significance or an overall livability score.
250 of 250 destinations shown · 246 distinct source footprints in this view. Alphabetical order. Choosing another quantity resets the order to A–Z.
| Destination / country | High-greenness exposure% · Nominal 2025 model | Source urban centre | Footprint areakm² · 2025 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Abu DhabiUnited Arab Emirates | 0.5% | Abu DhabiUC 325 | 107 |
| AbujaNigeria | 0.2% | AbujaUC 7471 | 319 |
| AccraGhana | 0.6% | AccraUC 3175 | 1,121 |
| Addis AbabaEthiopia | 1.7% | Addis AbabaUC 5862 | 465 |
| AdelaideAustralia | 3.5% | AdelaideUC 1029 | 493 |
| AhmedabadIndia | 0.1% | AhmedabadUC 6143 | 365 |
| AlicanteSpain | 0.3% | AlicanteUC 4485 | 74 |
| AmmanJordan | 0.0% | AmmanUC 992 | 520 |
| AmsterdamNetherlands | 6.1% | AmsterdamUC 1590 | 308 |
| AnkaraTürkiye | 0.3% | AnkaraUC 4921 | 357 |
| AntwerpBelgium | 6.4% | AntwerpUC 1069 | 327 |
| AsunciónParaguay | 20.3% | AsuncionUC 217 | 383 |
| AthensGreece | 0.1% | AthensUC 854 | 412 |
| AtlantaUnited States | 25.9% | AtlantaUC 7219 | 292 |
| AucklandNew Zealand | 28.3% | AucklandUC 1147 | 638 |
| AustinUnited States | 64.2% | AustinUC 5951 | 628 |
| BaltimoreUnited States | 34.6% | BaltimoreUC 7959 | 449 |
| BangaloreIndia | 2.1% | BengaluruUC 9558 | 1,008 |
| BangkokThailand | 5.4% | BangkokUC 2315 | 2,697 |
| BarcelonaSpain | 1.1% | BarcelonaUC 5071 | 438 |
| BaselSwitzerland | 12.3% | BaselUC 1073 | 68 |
| BeijingChina | 2.3% | BeijingUC 8745 | 2,179 |
| BeirutLebanon | 1.2% | BeirutUC 458 | 199 |
| BelfastUnited Kingdom | 9.9% | BelfastUC 235 | 149 |
| BelgradeSerbia | 6.7% | BelgradeUC 573 | 191 |
| BergenNorway | 100.0% | BergenUC 66 | 50 |
| BerlinGermany | 32.0% | BerlinUC 5483 | 681 |
| BilbaoSpain | 2.3% | BilbaoUC 3974 | 106 |
| BirminghamUnited Kingdom | 10.2% | BirminghamUC 3888 | 685 |
| BogotáColombia | 2.2% | BogotaUC 3881 | 534 |
| BolognaItaly | 1.4% | BolognaUC 3065 | 114 |
| BordeauxFrance | 2.5% | BordeauxUC 1285 | 208 |
| BostonUnited States | 22.0% | BostonUC 8255 | 508 |
| BragaPortugal | 0.6% | BragaUC 1172 | 19 |
| BrasíliaBrazil | 1.4% | BrasiliaUC 5855 | 283 |
| BratislavaSlovakia | 4.0% | BratislavaUC 89 | 84 |
| BrisbaneAustralia | 10.8% | BrisbaneUC 2734 | 701 |
| BristolUnited Kingdom | 4.9% | BristolUC 3058 | 173 |
| BrusselsBelgium | 8.4% | BrusselsUC 1290 | 235 |
| BucharestRomania | 4.3% | BucharestUC 2359 | 260 |
| BudapestHungary | 10.9% | BudapestUC 964 | 368 |
| Buenos AiresArgentina | 4.7% | Buenos AiresUC 4443 | 2,186 |
| BusanSouth Korea | 3.5% | BusanUC 3920 | 355 |
| CairoEgypt | 3.1% | CairoUC 4605 | 1,680 |
| CalgaryCanada | 2.1% | CalgaryUC 1262 | 533 |
| CanberraAustralia | 42.7% | North Canberra [Canberra]UC 1922 | 21 |
| Cape TownSouth Africa | 1.8% | Cape TownUC 431 | 695 |
| CardiffUnited Kingdom | 4.2% | CardiffUC 1943 | 113 |
| CartagenaColombia | 1.8% | CartagenaUC 3275 | 114 |
| CasablancaMorocco | 0.1% | CasablancaUC 2102 | 415 |
| Cebu CityPhilippines | 9.3% | Cebu CityUC 5065 | 416 |
| CharlotteUnited States | 52.1% | CharlotteUC 7707 | 131 |
| ChengduChina | 3.2% | ChengduUC 6378 | 867 |
| ChennaiIndia | 4.8% | ChennaiUC 10300 | 1,052 |
| Chiang MaiThailand | 9.0% | Chiang MaiUC 173 | 225 |
| ChicagoUnited States | 16.1% | ChicagoUC 7532 | 2,046 |
| ChișinăuMoldova | 10.9% | ChișinăuUC 442 | 101 |
| ChristchurchNew Zealand | 2.1% | ChristchurchUC 353 | 124 |
| ClevelandUnited States | 22.4% | ClevelandUC 7833 | 413 |
| CologneGermany | 15.6% | CologneUC 1186 | 296 |
| ColomboSri Lanka | 47.8% | Colombo [Sri Jayawardenepura Kotte]UC 632 | 1,206 |
| ColumbusUnited States | 13.1% | ColumbusUC 7735 | 442 |
| CopenhagenDenmark | 3.9% | CopenhagenUC 698 | 302 |
| CórdobaArgentina | 1.6% | CordobaUC 2335 | 320 |
| CuencaEcuador | 4.2% | CuencaUC 2249 | 89 |
| CuritibaBrazil | 3.6% | CuritibaUC 6350 | 566 |
| Da NangVietnam | 2.4% | Đà NẵngUC 5294 | 225 |
| DakarSenegal | 0.1% | DakarUC 39 | 277 |
| DallasUnited States | 49.2% | DallasUC 6397 | 1,237 |
| DelhiIndia | 0.7% | New DelhiUC 7963 | 2,139 |
| DenverUnited States | 4.5% | DenverUC 5932 | 1,194 |
| DetroitUnited States | 22.2% | DetroitUC 7784 | 1,170 |
| DohaQatar | 0.1% | DohaUC 153 | 392 |
| DubaiUnited Arab Emirates | 0.8% | DubaiUC 1007 | 854 |
| DublinIreland | 5.7% | DublinUC 394 | 301 |
| DurbanSouth Africa | 17.7% | DurbanUC 4787 | 807 |
| DüsseldorfGermany | 14.9% | DusseldorfUC 826 | 246 |
| EdinburghUnited Kingdom | 5.0% | EdinburghUC 2186 | 130 |
| EdmontonCanada | 6.9% | EdmontonUC 1564 | 435 |
| FlorenceItaly | 8.2% | FlorenceUC 3005 | 196 |
| FlorianópolisBrazil | 5.7% | FlorianópolisUC 6961 | 182 |
| FrankfurtGermany | 8.6% | FrankfurtUC 3400 | 193 |
| FukuokaJapan | 1.9% | FukuokaUC 907 | 450 |
| GdańskPoland | 7.8% | GdanskUC 2198 | 108 |
| GenevaSwitzerland | 5.8% | GenevaUC 69 | 74 |
| George TownMalaysia | 6.3% | George TownUC 176 | 134 |
| GhentBelgium | 6.3% | GhentUC 689 | 94 |
| GlasgowUnited Kingdom | 16.4% | GlasgowUC 683 | 309 |
| Gold CoastAustralia | 7.4% | Gold CoastUC 2798 | 168 |
| GothenburgSweden | 10.7% | GothenburgUC 75 | 191 |
| GrazAustria | 21.7% | GrazUC 961 | 76 |
| GuadalajaraMexico | 0.1% | GuadalajaraUC 3105 | 598 |
| GuangzhouChina | 3.0% | GuangzhouUC 10933Shared source unit | 6,454 |
| Guatemala CityGuatemala | 4.0% | Guatemala CityUC 2089 | 470 |
| HalifaxCanada | 62.8% | HalifaxUC 4055 | 103 |
| HamburgGermany | 32.9% | HamburgUC 4184 | 478 |
| HamiltonCanada | 11.6% | HamiltonUC 2679 | 173 |
| HangzhouChina | 0.6% | HangzhouUC 11311 | 1,517 |
| HanoiVietnam | 4.6% | HanoiUC 1999 | 925 |
| HelsinkiFinland | 1.5% | HelsinkiUC 572 | 381 |
| Ho Chi Minh CityVietnam | 2.1% | Ho Chi Minh CityUC 5239 | 1,487 |
| HobartAustralia | 0.5% | HobartUC 781 | 46 |
| Hong KongChina | 5.0% | Hong KongUC 11185 | 220 |
| HonoluluUnited States | 11.8% | HonoluluUC 193 | 177 |
| HoustonUnited States | 56.5% | HoustonUC 6167 | 1,859 |
| HyderabadIndia | 1.2% | HyderabadUC 9524 | 889 |
| IncheonSouth Korea | 3.4% | SeoulUC 348Shared source unit | 2,282 |
| IstanbulTürkiye | 0.6% | IstanbulUC 2637 | 1,269 |
| IzmirTürkiye | 0.3% | IzmirUC 1094 | 307 |
| JakartaIndonesia | 6.8% | JakartaUC 5472 | 4,614 |
| JeddahSaudi Arabia | 0.1% | JeddahUC 1112 | 696 |
| JohannesburgSouth Africa | 2.8% | JohannesburgUC 3512 | 1,756 |
| Johor BahruMalaysia | 7.4% | Johor BahruUC 2979 | 418 |
| KaohsiungTaiwan | 0.5% | KaohsiungUC 1919 | 372 |
| KathmanduNepal | 0.9% | KathmanduUC 1822 | 350 |
| KigaliRwanda | 4.8% | KigaliUC 597 | 286 |
| KingstonJamaica | 14.2% | KingstonUC 795 | 118 |
| Kitchener–WaterlooCanada | 21.2% | KitchenerUC 2408 | 147 |
| KrakówPoland | 25.5% | KrakowUC 3662 | 176 |
| Kuala LumpurMalaysia | 7.2% | Kuala LumpurUC 1648 | 1,340 |
| KyotoJapan | 1.3% | OsakaUC 4399Shared source unit | 2,212 |
| La PazBolivia | 0.1% | La PazUC 212 | 291 |
| LagosNigeria | 1.9% | LagosUC 1289 | 1,199 |
| Las VegasUnited States | 0.5% | Las VegasUC 4625 | 851 |
| LausanneSwitzerland | 13.3% | LausanneUC 247 | 75 |
| LeedsUnited Kingdom | 13.4% | LeedsUC 4332 | 321 |
| LeipzigGermany | 18.6% | LeipzigUC 5304 | 180 |
| LilleFrance | 8.0% | LilleUC 3449 | 228 |
| LimaPeru | 0.7% | LimaUC 2171 | 984 |
| LisbonPortugal | 1.8% | LisbonUC 231 | 426 |
| LiverpoolUnited Kingdom | 5.2% | LiverpoolUC 2264 | 388 |
| LjubljanaSlovenia | 7.5% | LjubljanaUC 82 | 65 |
| LondonUnited Kingdom | 5.7% | LondonUC 5816 | 1,649 |
| Los AngelesUnited States | 0.7% | Los AngelesUC 2007 | 4,498 |
| LuxembourgLuxembourg | 11.4% | LuxembourgUC 68 | 40 |
| LyonFrance | 3.2% | LyonUC 3978 | 256 |
| MadridSpain | 2.5% | MadridUC 3338 | 680 |
| MálagaSpain | 0.1% | MálagaUC 3115 | 75 |
| MalmöSweden | 1.3% | MalmoUC 558 | 84 |
| ManchesterUnited Kingdom | 7.7% | ManchesterUC 3340 | 751 |
| ManilaPhilippines | 7.3% | ManilaUC 2323 | 2,555 |
| MarrakeshMorocco | 0.8% | MarrakeshUC 1853 | 124 |
| MarseilleFrance | 3.9% | MarseilleUC 4182 | 185 |
| MedellínColombia | 12.8% | MedellínUC 2676 | 233 |
| MelbourneAustralia | 1.8% | MelbourneUC 1747 | 1,611 |
| MendozaArgentina | 1.6% | MendozaUC 214 | 208 |
| MéridaMexico | 0.8% | MéridaUC 6875 | 182 |
| Mexico CityMexico | 0.1% | Mexico CityUC 5402 | 2,134 |
| MiamiUnited States | 9.5% | MiamiUC 7168 | 2,784 |
| MilanItaly | 1.4% | MilanUC 1498 | 785 |
| MinneapolisUnited States | 37.9% | Minneapolis [Saint Paul]UC 7181 | 611 |
| MonterreyMexico | 1.2% | MonterreyUC 6131 | 685 |
| MontevideoUruguay | 2.4% | MontevideoUC 804 | 237 |
| MontrealCanada | 18.0% | MontrealUC 3700 | 1,020 |
| MumbaiIndia | 0.4% | MumbaiUC 7599 | 738 |
| MunichGermany | 7.8% | MunichUC 5249 | 345 |
| MuscatOman | 0.5% | MuscatUC 1124 | 148 |
| NagoyaJapan | 0.5% | NagoyaUC 5213 | 2,392 |
| NairobiKenya | 9.8% | NairobiUC 1717 | 598 |
| NaplesItaly | 2.8% | NaplesUC 4490 | 618 |
| NashvilleUnited States | 27.7% | NashvilleUC 7090 | 160 |
| New OrleansUnited States | 6.9% | New OrleansUC 6607 | 417 |
| New York CityUnited States | 10.3% | New York CityUC 8099 | 3,031 |
| NiceFrance | 15.2% | NiceUC 4746 | 108 |
| OrlandoUnited States | 20.0% | OrlandoUC 7243 | 750 |
| OsakaJapan | 1.3% | OsakaUC 4399Shared source unit | 2,212 |
| OsloNorway | 7.3% | OsloUC 828 | 244 |
| OttawaCanada | 28.5% | OttawaUC 3494 | 208 |
| PalermoItaly | 1.9% | PalermoUC 4376 | 123 |
| Panama CityPanama | 10.7% | Panama CityUC 658 | 277 |
| ParisFrance | 3.9% | ParisUC 2878 | 1,421 |
| PerthAustralia | 1.8% | PerthUC 498 | 784 |
| PhiladelphiaUnited States | 12.2% | PhiladelphiaUC 8029 | 654 |
| PhoenixUnited States | 1.7% | PhoenixUC 4699 | 1,304 |
| PhuketThailand | 7.6% | PhuketUC 1645 | 124 |
| PittsburghUnited States | 28.4% | PittsburghUC 7847 | 245 |
| Port LouisMauritius | 24.0% | Port LouisUC 159 | 136 |
| PortlandUnited States | 12.1% | PortlandUC 4941 | 877 |
| PortoPortugal | 1.7% | PortoUC 1058 | 324 |
| Porto AlegreBrazil | 8.7% | Porto AlegreUC 5971 | 599 |
| PragueCzechia | 8.3% | PragueUC 560 | 263 |
| PuneIndia | 2.1% | PuneUC 8258 | 580 |
| Québec CityCanada | 41.4% | QuebecUC 4012 | 275 |
| QuerétaroMexico | 0.3% | QuerétaroUC 5097 | 169 |
| QuitoEcuador | 3.7% | QuitoUC 2544 | 380 |
| RaleighUnited States | 58.3% | RaleighUC 7791 | 72 |
| RecifeBrazil | 6.1% | RecifeUC 8388 | 491 |
| ReykjavíkIceland | 0.0% | ReykjavikUC 48 | 97 |
| RigaLatvia | 26.4% | RigaUC 102 | 147 |
| Rio de JaneiroBrazil | 3.5% | Rio de JaneiroUC 7799 | 1,285 |
| RiyadhSaudi Arabia | 0.1% | RiyadhUC 3026 | 1,108 |
| RomeItaly | 4.7% | RomeUC 3938 | 467 |
| RotterdamNetherlands | 7.0% | Rotterdam [The Hague]UC 244 | 677 |
| SacramentoUnited States | 6.1% | SacramentoUC 4092 | 759 |
| Salt Lake CityUnited States | 4.6% | Salt Lake CityUC 5377 | 527 |
| SalvadorBrazil | 7.9% | SalvadorUC 8238 | 323 |
| SalzburgAustria | 6.7% | SalzburgUC 415 | 32 |
| San AntonioUnited States | 51.9% | San AntonioUC 5794 | 640 |
| San DiegoUnited States | 1.2% | San DiegoUC 2471 | 778 |
| San FranciscoUnited States | 3.5% | San FranciscoUC 1461 | 1,614 |
| San JoséCosta Rica | 6.4% | San JoséUC 363 | 491 |
| San JuanPuerto Rico | 9.1% | Bayamón [San Juan]UC 213 | 309 |
| San Pedro SulaHonduras | 10.8% | San Pedro SulaUC 511 | 211 |
| San SalvadorEl Salvador | 9.7% | San SalvadorUC 916 | 264 |
| SantiagoChile | 1.0% | SantiagoUC 2334 | 801 |
| Santo DomingoDominican Republic | 6.2% | Santo DomingoUC 1667 | 483 |
| São PauloBrazil | 1.7% | São PauloUC 7277 | 2,111 |
| SapporoJapan | 1.4% | SapporoUC 351 | 353 |
| SarajevoBosnia and Herzegovina | 6.8% | SarajevoUC 426 | 61 |
| SeattleUnited States | 12.9% | SeattleUC 5098 | 1,123 |
| SeoulSouth Korea | 3.4% | SeoulUC 348Shared source unit | 2,282 |
| SevilleSpain | 0.4% | SevilleUC 2024 | 80 |
| ShanghaiChina | 0.9% | ShanghaiUC 11345 | 3,128 |
| ShenzhenChina | 3.0% | GuangzhouUC 10933Shared source unit | 6,454 |
| SingaporeSingapore | 5.5% | SingaporeUC 178 | 438 |
| SofiaBulgaria | 5.4% | SofiaUC 109 | 201 |
| StockholmSweden | 22.9% | StockholmUC 1693 | 339 |
| StuttgartGermany | 9.4% | StuttgartUC 4022 | 257 |
| SurabayaIndonesia | 2.8% | SurabayaUC 7459 | 1,304 |
| SydneyAustralia | 14.0% | SydneyUC 2324 | 1,378 |
| TaichungTaiwan | 0.9% | TaichungUC 906 | 313 |
| TaipeiTaiwan | 8.8% | TaipeiUC 1142 | 972 |
| TallinnEstonia | 20.6% | TallinnUC 99 | 121 |
| TampaUnited States | 18.1% | TampaUC 7012 | 431 |
| TampereFinland | 6.1% | TampereUC 425 | 69 |
| Tel AvivIsrael | 3.0% | Tel AvivUC 457 | 333 |
| ThessalonikiGreece | 0.4% | ThessalonikiUC 585 | 117 |
| TiranaAlbania | 7.7% | TiranaUC 714 | 115 |
| TokyoJapan | 1.5% | TokyoUC 5929Shared source unit | 5,165 |
| TorontoCanada | 11.9% | TorontoUC 2869 | 1,620 |
| ToulouseFrance | 2.1% | ToulouseUC 2268 | 252 |
| TrondheimNorway | 1.8% | TrondheimUC 554 | 57 |
| TunisTunisia | 0.0% | TunisUC 1399 | 488 |
| TurinItaly | 0.6% | TurinUC 70 | 212 |
| TurkuFinland | 14.1% | TurkuUC 93 | 23 |
| UtrechtNetherlands | 9.3% | UtrechtUC 1951 | 115 |
| ValenciaSpain | 0.3% | ValenciaUC 4522 | 223 |
| VallettaMalta | 0.0% | VallettaUC 87 | 100 |
| VancouverCanada | 4.7% | VancouverUC 358 | 649 |
| VictoriaCanada | 12.3% | VictoriaUC 6 | 112 |
| ViennaAustria | 7.9% | ViennaUC 1081 | 325 |
| VilniusLithuania | 17.5% | VilniusUC 578 | 89 |
| WarsawPoland | 15.8% | WarsawUC 3712 | 415 |
| Washington DCUnited States | 51.4% | WashingtonUC 7910 | 1,301 |
| WellingtonNew Zealand | 35.7% | WellingtonUC 505 | 64 |
| WinnipegCanada | 12.1% | WinnipegUC 2013 | 287 |
| WrocławPoland | 16.5% | WrocławUC 1599 | 118 |
| YokohamaJapan | 1.5% | TokyoUC 5929Shared source unit | 5,165 |
| ZagrebCroatia | 10.6% | ZagrebUC 419 | 151 |
| ZurichSwitzerland | 12.0% | ZurichUC 1689 | 187 |
The table scrolls. Search checks the complete cohort. Display values are rounded; original numeric values and source literals remain in the downloads. A shared source unit is one physical measurement repeated for named destinations.
Inspect the source record
The urban fabric
Source footprint: Abu Dhabi · urban centre 325.
High-greenness exposure
0.5%
Nominal 2025 · modelled population exposure
Population exposure to high greenness in the source model. This does not measure public park access or walking distance.
NDVI calendar window: not supplied.
Mapped road density
20.4km/km²
2024 mapped roads · 2025 footprint
Mapped road length relative to footprint area. A higher value does not establish better transport, walkability or road safety.
Network completeness: unknown.
The source geography is a fixed 2025 morphological urban-centre footprint, not a municipality or functional metropolitan area. Destinations sharing a footprint repeat the same contextual measurements; they are not independent city estimates. These records are not approved inputs to Civometra V1 or V2 and produce no ranking or quarterly results.
Modelled greenness. The publisher estimates the share of population living in areas classified as having high greenness. Its method combines a 300-metre buffer of built-up cells, three-year average satellite NDVI, population grids and thresholds that vary by agro-ecological zone. Source field SD_POP_HGR_2025; original value 0.510646737 percent. Population denominator: Projected population within the fixed 2025 urban-centre footprint, GHS-POP R2023A. Not a current census count. The nominal model epoch does not identify an exact NDVI image date or calendar window.
Road conversion. Source density 0.020433723 m/m² × 1,000 = 20.433723 km/km². Source mapped road length: 2,186,408 m (IN_ROA_LEN_2024), referenced to the source footprint area (GC_UCA_KM2_2025). We convert the published density rather than replacing it with a ratio of rounded display values.
Comparison limits. The two quantities have different source epochs and are not a trend. The footprint describes settlement form, not municipal boundaries or a commuting region. Model uncertainty and road-network completeness are not quantified here; displayed decimals do not establish measurement accuracy.
Source edition: GHS-UCDB R2024A V1.2. Source review: 2026-10-30. The review date does not update either source epoch.
European Commission, Joint Research Centre, GHS Urban Centre Database 2025, GHS-UCDB R2024A V1.2; doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd. Abu Dhabi refers here to source urban centre 325, Abu Dhabi, a 2025 morphological footprint of 107.00 km². Nominal-2025 modelled high-greenness population exposure: 0.5% (SD_POP_HGR_2025); the NDVI observation calendar window is not supplied, and this is not park access. Mapped 2024 road density: 20.4 km/km², converted from 0.020433723 m/m² by multiplying by 1,000; network completeness is unknown. Shared destination references: none in this catalog. These are source context, not independent municipal measurements or a livability score. Reviewed 2026-10-30. Original dataset: https://data.jrc.ec.europa.eu/dataset/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd Source records: https://bestcitytolive.com/data/urban-fabric-context.json.
Keep the source unit and the two different epochs when quoting.
A 2025 morphological urban centre follows settlement form. It does not represent a city hall’s territory, a commuting region or every neighbourhood equally. Read the native source name and area before comparing two destination names.
Use modelled exposure to frame questions about vegetation, heat and public space. To plan an actual outing, check local park ownership, routes, opening times and accessibility separately.
The source has no universal “higher is better” rule for these two features. Climate, urban form, mapping coverage and model thresholds affect interpretation. No source confidence interval is provided here, and these point values do not establish statistically distinguishable city conditions.
The 2025 model and 2024 mapped network are different quantities and epochs. They do not form a change-over-time series or new Civometra results.
Methods & source material
European Commission, Joint Research Centre · GHS-UCDB R2024A V1.2. Evidence review: 2026-10-30. That review does not refresh either source epoch.
Retrieved 2026-10-30T01:17:19.864226+00:00. The archive contains the publisher’s thematic table, factsheet, manual and readme.
Archive SHA-256c4424aff23a443ec6136f29985df7dcd4abdf2b712607c35204f1273f9682cca
Original CSV memberGHS_UCDB_THEME_INFRASTRUCTURES_GLOBE_R2024A.csv
Original member SHA-256ded414728840585d0d412d8fc73a6e03f5d5e5c65651c1d79bdc60365e2dbe37
Retrieved 2026-10-30T01:17:22.796964+00:00. The archive contains the publisher’s thematic table, factsheet, manual and readme.
Archive SHA-256967d7b048a69ca5a2d72779eb3bb5b451407badf1304cfcf90ff748704d46f94
Original CSV memberGHS_UCDB_THEME_SDG_GLOBE_R2024A.csv
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The publisher estimates the share of population living in areas classified as having high greenness. Its method combines a 300-metre buffer of built-up cells, three-year average satellite NDVI, population grids and thresholds that vary by agro-ecological zone.
This measures modeled exposure to vegetation. It does not measure access to public parks, public ownership, tree-canopy cover, walking routes or how green every neighborhood feels. The source factsheet does not specify the exact three-year NDVI calendar window. The 2025 population is projected; the footprint is the 2025 morphological urban centre.
No source confidence interval is provided in this thematic table. Model, mapping and threshold uncertainty remains.
V1.2. The publisher reports an algorithm bug fix relative to V1.0; earlier edition values should not be mixed.
Upstream credits: UN-Habitat Global Urban Indicators Database 2024; USGS Landsat NDVI; JRC GHS-POP and GHS-BUILT-S R2023A.
Mapped road length inside the urban-centre footprint, divided by that footprint’s area. The road source is Overture Maps, accessed by the publisher on 24 July 2024. Source units are m/m2; the displayed unit conversion multiplies by 1000.
This describes the intensity of the mapped road network. It does not measure walkability, transit frequency, congestion, road quality or road safety. More road density is not automatically better. The mapped roads refer to 2024 and the common urban-centre boundary to 2025.
No source confidence interval or mapping-completeness estimate is provided for these city records.
Upstream credits: Overture Maps Foundation; European Commission, Joint Research Centre.
The archive filename, Version field and update log identify V1.2. The unchanged publisher readme also retains older V1.1 alternative-name and document-version strings.
Mari Rivero, I., et al. (2024). GHS-UCDB R2024A — GHS Urban Centre Database 2025. European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC). Version 1.2. doi:10.2905/1a338be6-7eaf-480c-9664-3a8ade88cbcd.
European Commission, Joint Research Centre, GHS-UCDB R2024A V1.2. Original feature-provider credits are retained in the definitions and unchanged source archives.
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